Lab Practical 2

Question 1

estrous synchronization product in cattle

Answer 1

CIDR - progestins

Question 2

identify parts of a cumulus-oocyte complex

Answer 2

• vitelline membrane
• zona pellucida
• corona radiata
• cumulus cells

Question 3

identify stage of early embryonic development

Answer 3

• 2 cell embryo
• 4 cell embryo
• 8 cell embryo
• morula
• blastocyst

Question 4

be able to identify the following parts of an embryo

Answer 4

• zona pellucida
• blastomere
• blastocoele
• inner cell mass
• trophoblast

Question 5

identify extra embryonic membranes and cavities in the rat, pig and cow

Answer 5

• amnion
• amniotic cavity,
• yolk sac
• chorioallantoic membrane
• allantoic cavity
• chorionic plate

Question 6

be able to identify necrotic tips on a pig placenta

Answer 6

Necrotic tip where ends meet another fetus. They are avascular!

Question 7

identify different types of placental attachment

Answer 7

• diffuse placenta
• cotyledonary placenta (placentome, fetal cotyledon, maternal caruncle)
• discoid

Question 8

diffuse placenta species

Answer 8

pigs and horses

Question 9

cotyledonary placenta species

Answer 9

ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Question 10

cotyledonary placenta: placentome

Answer 10

main site of nutrient exchange between mother and fetus in ruminant animals

Question 11

cotyledonary placenta: fetal cotyledon

Answer 11

fetal side of the placentome

Question 12

cotyledonary placenta: maternal caruncle

Answer 12

maternal side of placentome

Question 13

discoid placenta species

Answer 13

humans, primates, rodents

Question 14

diffuse placenta structure

Answer 14

uniform villi across the placenta

Question 15

cotyledonary placenta structure

Answer 15

villi grouped into cotyledons, placentomes

Question 16

discoid placenta structure

Answer 16

localized disc shaped area

Question 17

what is the shape of the rodents placenta?

Answer 17

disc-shaped, discoid placenta

Question 18

signs of estrus: dogs

Answer 18

• blood-tinged vaginal discharge
• vaginal swelling
• female accepts male for mating

Question 19

signs of estrus: cattle

Answer 19

• standing to be mounted (definitive sign)
• aggressively attempting to mount other cows
• thin, watery mucus from the vulva
• nervousness, off feed, vocalization

Question 20

signs of estrus: horses

Answer 20

• posturing (raising tail, squat, wink) near stallion
• urination near stallion

Question 21

estrus detection aids in cattle

Answer 21

• Tail Paint
• KMAR patch
• Estrotech patch
• Heat Watch

Question 22

methods of semen collection in bulls

Answer 22

• artificial vagina (most common)
• electroejaculation

Question 23

reasons for utilizing AI in cattle

Answer 23

• genetic improvement
• ability to obtain info on young sires more quickly
• reduce STDs
• do no need bulls kept on farms

Question 24

three reasons why most frozen bull semen is packaged in straws rather than ampules?

Answer 24

• can store more straws
• reduced sperm loss during thawing
• thawing time is less
• depositing semen is easier with a catheter with straws

Question 25

what are some diagnostic tools that can be used to determine if a dog has ovulated?

Answer 25

• canine ovulation kit (measures progesterone)
• vaginal cytology (more layers = heat)
• laparoscope

Question 26

be able to locate the following structures of the dog reproductive tract on a diagram

Answer 26

• vagina
• paracervix
• paracervical tunnel
• cervix
• uterus

Question 27

what is the bulbus glandis in the male dog and how it functions during copulation?

Answer 27

• specialized structure of the glans penis
• forms the tie / lock in the vagina to ensure sperm is deposited into the females reproductive tract

Question 28

How determine the stage of the estrus to breed a dog from the vaginal folding seen with a laparoscope

Answer 28

• proestrus: swollen, pink, mucus
• estrus: wrinkled, pale
• diestrus: smooth, thick
• anestrus: thin, smooth, pale