Quiz 3 Vocabulary Flashcards
acrosome
A cap-like structure that surrounds the anterior part of the head of a sperm and participates in the acrosome reaction
acrosome reaction
During fertilization the acrosome releases enzymes associated with penetration of the zona pellucida
ampulla (male and female)
Male –a thickening of the vas deferens before it enters the urethra: glandular portion of the vas deferens.
Female – dilated section of the oviduct which lies between the infundibulum and the isthmus
antrum
fluid filled cavity inside a Graafian follicle.
aspermia
Failure of formation or emission of semen carrying sperm
castration
Removal of the testes or gonads.
congenital
Existing at, or dating from, birth; that which is acquired during pre-natal life.
epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis.
freemartin
A heifer born twin to a bull. Approximately 90% of freemartin heifers are sterile
hermaphrodite
An individual possessing both male and female reproductive organs. True hermaphrodites are capable of producing both ova and sperm
heterogametic
Producing unlike gametes with respect to the sex chromosome (e.g. male mammals produce X and Y bearing sperm)
homogametic
Producing similar gametes with respect to the sex chromosome (female mammals produce only X bearing sperm).
intersex
An individual showing morphological and anatomical characteristics that lie between the typical male and female condition; especially relevant to the genitalia
libido
Desire to mate
Meiosis
The two divisions which precede the formation of gametes in which the members of each chromosome pair separate, and the chromosome number in the resulting daughter cells is reduced to half the somatic number; as distinguished from ordinary cell division (mitosis).
metamorphosis
Change of shape or structure; a transition from one developmental stage to another.
mitosis
Cell division involving the duplication of chromosomes, and the division of the chromosomes by a process of longitudinal splitting. Thus, each of the resultant daughter cells receives a full complement of the chromosomes existing in the original cell before division.
septum
A dividing wall or membrane; a partition
spermatocytogenesis
The stage of spermatogenesis that involves cell divisions: more specifically the process by which spermatogonia develop into spermatocytes and later spermatids.
spermatogenesis
The process of formation of sperm which includes both spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis
spermiogenesis
The morphological change that spermatids undergo to become spermatozoa.
spermiation
The process by which spermatozoa detach from Sertoli cells
thermoregulation
the regulation of temperature by the body
tumescence
a state of being swollen or tumid
vasectomy
Surgical removal of all or part of the vas deferens.
vasoconstriction
The narrowing of the diameter of vessels; especially constriction of arterioles, leading to decreased blood flow in an organ