Quiz 4 (cytoplasm and cell/protein/gene stuffs) Flashcards
What kind of membrane transport transports oxygen?
simple diffusion
What kind of membrane transport transports glucose?
facilitated diffusion
What kind of membrane transport transports large food particles into the cell?
endocytosis
What kind of membrane transport transports carbon dioxide?
simple diffusion
What kind of membrane transport transports water?
osmosis
What kind of membrane transport transports H+ (from low to high)?
ion pumps
What three main components make up cytoplasm?
cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
Cytosol
gel-like cellular fluid where all the other components are suspended
Organelles
carry out specific functions
Inclusions
temporarily stores materials
What are examples of inclusions?
- fat in the adipose cell
- chem weapons in the white blood cells
What are the membrane-bound organelles?
mitochondrion, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum
interconnected network of membranes with attached enzymes to perform diverse metabolic processes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
with the presence of ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
without the presence of ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum functions
- synthesis and transport of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
- detoxification of drugs, alcohol, and poisons
- formation of transport vesicles and peroxisomes
Transport vesicles
deliver materials to the Golgi apparatus
Peroxisomes
small membrane bound sacs with enzymes (formed by ER)
Peroxisome’s function
breaks-down lipids and various toxic substances
Golgi apparatus
composed of several flattened membrane sacks
Golgi apparatus function
- modification, packaging, and sorting materials that arrive in transport vesicles
- forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes
Secretory vesicles
for secretion of substances out of the cell
Lysosomes
small membrane sacs with digestive enzymes (formed by Golgi apparatus)
Lysosome function
break down food that enters a call and cellular debris
Mitochondria
double-membrane organelles containing their own DNA
Mitochondria function
break-down E-rich compounds in order to produce ATP (process called cellular respiration)
What are the non-membrane bound organelles?
cytoskeleton, centrosomes, and ribosomes
Ribosomes
consist of large and small subunits (composed of RNA and protein)
Ribosome function
protein synthesis from amino acids
Centrosomes
contain two perpendicularly oriented centrioles
Centrosome function
aids during cell division
Cytoskeleton
organized network of protein fibers
Cytoskeleton function
- structural support for the cell
- movement of the cell and structures within the cell
What does “-some” mean?
body
What does “lyso-“ mean?
break
What does “mito” mean?
ATP
What is the structure of ribosomes?
the large and small subunit
Centriole
look like churros :)
What are the three components of the cytoskeleton?
microfilament, intermediate filament, and microtubule
What does “-filament” mean?
string/string-like
Transcription
the conversion of DNA into RNA
Translation
the conversion of RNA to proteins
Gene
a DNA segment with coded instructions
Protein
polymers made of 20 different amino acids
Trait
individual characteristics (structure and processes)
What holds DNA together?
hydrogen bonds
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
mRNA
delivers a copy of instructions from the nucleus to a ribosome
tRNA
delivers building blocks of proteins, amino acids
rRNA
makes up ribosomes
What do genes make?
proteins
Cell division
there are several reasons why your body cells need to be able to divide
What are the reasons for cell division?
growth, repair, and reproduction
What are the stages of cell division?
mitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosis
nuclear division
Cytopkenesis
cytoplasmic division
What are the two phases of cell division?
m-phase and interphase
M-phase
the phase where cell division takes place, mitosis and cytokinesis
Interphase
the resting phase
How is DNA structured during cell division/m-phase?
tightly coiled DNA = chromosome
How is DNA structured during interphase?
DNA in a relaxed form = chromatin
