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Anatomy & Physiology > Quiz 4 (cytoplasm and cell/protein/gene stuffs) > Flashcards

Quiz 4 (cytoplasm and cell/protein/gene stuffs) Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of membrane transport transports oxygen?

A

simple diffusion

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2
Q

What kind of membrane transport transports glucose?

A

facilitated diffusion

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3
Q

What kind of membrane transport transports large food particles into the cell?

A

endocytosis

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4
Q

What kind of membrane transport transports carbon dioxide?

A

simple diffusion

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5
Q

What kind of membrane transport transports water?

A

osmosis

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6
Q

What kind of membrane transport transports H+ (from low to high)?

A

ion pumps

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7
Q

What three main components make up cytoplasm?

A

cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

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8
Q

Cytosol

A

gel-like cellular fluid where all the other components are suspended

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9
Q

Organelles

A

carry out specific functions

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10
Q

Inclusions

A

temporarily stores materials

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11
Q

What are examples of inclusions?

A
  • fat in the adipose cell
  • chem weapons in the white blood cells
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12
Q

What are the membrane-bound organelles?

A

mitochondrion, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

interconnected network of membranes with attached enzymes to perform diverse metabolic processes

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14
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

with the presence of ribosomes

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15
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

without the presence of ribosomes

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16
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum functions

A
  • synthesis and transport of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
  • detoxification of drugs, alcohol, and poisons
  • formation of transport vesicles and peroxisomes
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17
Q

Transport vesicles

A

deliver materials to the Golgi apparatus

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18
Q

Peroxisomes

A

small membrane bound sacs with enzymes (formed by ER)

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19
Q

Peroxisome’s function

A

breaks-down lipids and various toxic substances

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20
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

composed of several flattened membrane sacks

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21
Q

Golgi apparatus function

A
  • modification, packaging, and sorting materials that arrive in transport vesicles
  • forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes
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22
Q

Secretory vesicles

A

for secretion of substances out of the cell

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23
Q

Lysosomes

A

small membrane sacs with digestive enzymes (formed by Golgi apparatus)

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24
Q

Lysosome function

A

break down food that enters a call and cellular debris

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25
Q

Mitochondria

A

double-membrane organelles containing their own DNA

26
Q

Mitochondria function

A

break-down E-rich compounds in order to produce ATP (process called cellular respiration)

27
Q

What are the non-membrane bound organelles?

A

cytoskeleton, centrosomes, and ribosomes

28
Q

Ribosomes

A

consist of large and small subunits (composed of RNA and protein)

29
Q

Ribosome function

A

protein synthesis from amino acids

30
Q

Centrosomes

A

contain two perpendicularly oriented centrioles

31
Q

Centrosome function

A

aids during cell division

32
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

organized network of protein fibers

33
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A
  • structural support for the cell
  • movement of the cell and structures within the cell
34
Q

What does “-some” mean?

A

body

35
Q

What does “lyso-“ mean?

A

break

36
Q

What does “mito” mean?

A

ATP

37
Q

What is the structure of ribosomes?

A

the large and small subunit

38
Q

Centriole

A

look like churros :)

39
Q

What are the three components of the cytoskeleton?

A

microfilament, intermediate filament, and microtubule

40
Q

What does “-filament” mean?

A

string/string-like

41
Q

Transcription

A

the conversion of DNA into RNA

42
Q

Translation

A

the conversion of RNA to proteins

43
Q

Gene

A

a DNA segment with coded instructions

44
Q

Protein

A

polymers made of 20 different amino acids

45
Q

Trait

A

individual characteristics (structure and processes)

46
Q

What holds DNA together?

A

hydrogen bonds

47
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

48
Q

mRNA

A

delivers a copy of instructions from the nucleus to a ribosome

49
Q

tRNA

A

delivers building blocks of proteins, amino acids

50
Q

rRNA

A

makes up ribosomes

51
Q

What do genes make?

A

proteins

52
Q

Cell division

A

there are several reasons why your body cells need to be able to divide

53
Q

What are the reasons for cell division?

A

growth, repair, and reproduction

54
Q

What are the stages of cell division?

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

55
Q

Mitosis

A

nuclear division

56
Q

Cytopkenesis

A

cytoplasmic division

57
Q

What are the two phases of cell division?

A

m-phase and interphase

58
Q

M-phase

A

the phase where cell division takes place, mitosis and cytokinesis

59
Q

Interphase

A

the resting phase

60
Q

How is DNA structured during cell division/m-phase?

A

tightly coiled DNA = chromosome

61
Q

How is DNA structured during interphase?

A

DNA in a relaxed form = chromatin

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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