Biological macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organic molecules?

A

carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids

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2
Q

What is an example of an inorganic molecule?

A

Water (H20)

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3
Q

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

A

four

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4
Q

What are the different arrangements of a carbon skeleton?

A

a straight chain, branched chain, and a ring

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5
Q

How are new molecules made with new properties?

A

Carbon skeleton + functional group

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6
Q

The prefix “syn” means what?

A

put together

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7
Q

The suffix “-mer” means what?

A

unit

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8
Q

What macronutrient does “-ose” belong to?

A

carbohydrates

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9
Q

What is the composition of sucrose?

A

glucose + fructose

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10
Q

What macromolecule does “-in” belong to?

A

proteins

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11
Q

Primary structure

A

linear sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

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12
Q

Secondary structure

A

structural pattern within a protein that result from hydrogen bonds formed between amino acids

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13
Q

Tertiary structure

A

final 3-dimension shape of a protein, which contains repeating secondary structures

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14
Q

Quaternary structure

A

molecule composed of two or more separate proteins

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15
Q

A change in conditions (temp, pH, vibr.) causes what?

A

protein denaturation

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16
Q

Denaturation

A

loss of the functional shape

17
Q

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

A

store and transmit genetic information

18
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

A

a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

19
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

store genetic information

20
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

transmits genetic information (put it to work)

21
Q

What do all cells require to power their activities?

A

energy

22
Q

Why is ATP necessary?

A

because other high energy molecules produce large amounts of energy in a very stable state

23
Q

What is the function of ATP?

A

allows smaller amounts of energy to be delivered and released any time a cell needs it

24
Q

Proteins are highly…..

A

folded complexes

25
Q

All amino acids are composed of what?

A

a central carbon atom, with a hydrogen atom, amino group, carboxyl group and (radical group)