Biological macromolecules Flashcards
What are the organic molecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids
What is an example of an inorganic molecule?
Water (H20)
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
four
What are the different arrangements of a carbon skeleton?
a straight chain, branched chain, and a ring
How are new molecules made with new properties?
Carbon skeleton + functional group
The prefix “syn” means what?
put together
The suffix “-mer” means what?
unit
What macronutrient does “-ose” belong to?
carbohydrates
What is the composition of sucrose?
glucose + fructose
What macromolecule does “-in” belong to?
proteins
Primary structure
linear sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Secondary structure
structural pattern within a protein that result from hydrogen bonds formed between amino acids
Tertiary structure
final 3-dimension shape of a protein, which contains repeating secondary structures
Quaternary structure
molecule composed of two or more separate proteins
A change in conditions (temp, pH, vibr.) causes what?
protein denaturation
Denaturation
loss of the functional shape
What are the functions of nucleic acids?
store and transmit genetic information
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
What is the function of DNA?
store genetic information
What is the function of RNA?
transmits genetic information (put it to work)
What do all cells require to power their activities?
energy
Why is ATP necessary?
because other high energy molecules produce large amounts of energy in a very stable state
What is the function of ATP?
allows smaller amounts of energy to be delivered and released any time a cell needs it
Proteins are highly…..
folded complexes
All amino acids are composed of what?
a central carbon atom, with a hydrogen atom, amino group, carboxyl group and (radical group)
