Joint (articulations) Flashcards
Joint (articulation)
places of contact between skeletal components
What are the three types of structural classifications of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints
Fibrous joints are made up of what kind of tissue?
dense connective tissue
Cartilaginous joints are made up of what kind of tissue?
cartilage
Synovial joints are made up of what?
synovial fluid
What are the kinds of fibrous joints?
gomphosis, suture, and syndesmosis
What does “syn-“ mean?
together
What does “desmo-“ mean?
bind
Gomphosis j. is like what?
“bolt in the socket”
Suture j. is like what?
“interlocking seams”
Syndesmosis j. is like what?
“binding sheets”
What is an example of gomphosis joint?
teeth/tooth
What is an example of suture joint?
flat skull bones
What is an example of syndesmosis joint?
between the radius and ulna, and between the tibia and fibula
What are the types of cartilaginous joints?
synchondrosis hyaline cartilage and symphysis
Symphysis
pads of fibrocartilage
What does “sym-“ mean?
together
What is an example of synchondrosis hyaline cartilage?
1st sternalcostal joint
What is an example of symphysis?
the pubic symphysis
Synovial joint
allows for movement
What are the elements of a synovial joint?
- fibrous layer
- synovial membrane
- joint cavity
- articular cartilage
- ligament
- articular capsule
Order of synovial joint elements from superficial to deep
- ligament
- fibrous layer
- synovial membrane
- joint cavity
- articular cartilage
Fibrous layer function
binding
Synovial membrane function
produces synovial fluid
Synovial fluid function
- lubricant
- shock absorber
- nourishing substance
Joint cavity
contains the synovial fluid
Articular cartilage function
shock absorber and protector
ligament function
stabilize and strength
The articular capsule contains what?
fibrous layer and synovial membrane
What other structures are found in a synovial joint?
sensory nerves, blood vessels, and tendons
Sensory nerves function
detect stimuli
What kinds of nerves are found in synovial joints?
nociceptors and proprioceptors
Nociceptors
detect pain stimuli
Proprioceptors
detect/report on movement, stretch, and body POSITION
Blood vessels function
supply surrounding tissues
Tendon function
while attaching the muscle to the bone help to stabilize the joints
What are the six kinds of joint movement?
- Anterior-posterior plane (sagittal)
- Lateral-medial plane (coronal)
- Transverse plane
- Odd
- Only for the hand
- Only for the foot
What movements move through the anterior-posterior plane?
flexion, extension, and hyperextension
Flexion
moves down the angle between the bones
Extension
moves up the angle between the bones
Hyperextension
when the bones are extended more than 180 degrees
What movements move through the lateral-medial plane?
abduction, adduction, and circumduction
Abduction
moves away from the midline
Adduction
moves towards the midline
Circumduction
produces cone shaped movement
What are the Odd joint movements?
- depression vs. elevation
- protraction vs. retraction
Depression
down
Elevation
up
Protraction
forward movement
Retraction
back movement
What are the joint movements that only apply to the hands?
- pronation vs. supination
- opposition v. reposition
What are examples of depression vs. elevation?
shoulders moving up and down
What are examples of protraction vs. retraction?
sticking your chin out and pulling it back in
What movements move through the transverse plane?
lateral rotation and medial rotation
Lateral rotation
turn laterally along the longitudinal axis
Medial rotation
turns medially along the longitudinal axis
What is an example of transverse plane movements?
turning your head left and right and back to the center
What is an example of anterior-posterior movements?
moving your hand up and down and back to the center without moving your wrist
What is an example of lateral-medial movements?
moving you legs out away from the side (left or right) of your body and back
Supination
rotating the hands forward or upward
Pronation
rotating the hands back or downward
Opposition
thumb towards tips of fingers
Repostition
opposite/regular hand postition
What is an example opposition?
touching you thumb to your index finger
What are the joint movements that only apply to the foot?
- dorsiflexion vs. plantar flexion
- inversion vs. eversion
Dorsiflexion
“digging in heels” or flexing your foot upward
Plantar flexion
“tiptoeing” or flexing your foot downward
Inversion
sole is medial or faced inward
Eversion
sole if lateral or faced outward
