Integumentary system Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
What are the two parts that make up the integumentary system?
A
Skin and Skin derivatives
2
Q
What are the other names for the skin?
A
integument and cutaneous membrane
3
Q
What does integumentary mean in english?
A
covering
4
Q
What are the skin derivatives composed of?
A
nails, hair, and glands (sweat & sebaceous)
5
Q
What type of tissue if the epidermis made up of?
A
stratified squamous epithelial tissue
6
Q
What does “strata” mean?
A
layers
7
Q
What five layers make up the epidermis?
A
- basale
- spinosum
- granulosum
- lucidum
- corneum
8
Q
Basale is made up of what?
A
1 layer, but 3 cell types
9
Q
What are the three cell types make up the basale?
A
keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells
10
Q
Keratinocytes function
A
produce the protein keratin
11
Q
What is the function of keratin?
A
strengthen
12
Q
Keratinocytes are rich in what?
A
stem cells
13
Q
What is the function of stem cells?
A
divide
14
Q
Melanocytes function
A
produce melanin
15
Q
What is the function of melanocytes?
A
UV protection
16
Q
Desmosomes
A
membrane junctions
17
Q
What two cells are present in the spinosum?
A
- keratinocytes with desmosomes
- epidermal dendritic cells
18
Q
Tactile cells function
A
stimulate touch receptors
19
Q
What are the two layers of the skin?
A
epidermis and dermis
20
Q
What are the two layers of the dermis?
A
papillary layer and reticular layer
21
Q
What does papillary mean?
A
nipple
22
Q
Papillary layer function
A
interlocks with epidermal ridges
23
Q
The reticular layer is composed of what kind of tissue?
A
dense irregular connective tissue, glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerves
24
Q
What is dense irregular connective tissue rich in?
A
collagen and elastin
25
Glands function
produce secretions
26
Hair follicles function
holds hair
27
Blood vessels functions
transport and temperature regulation
28
Blood vessels regulate temperature by what?
vasoconstriction and vasodilation
29
Nerves in the dermis
sensory and motor nerves
30
Sensory nerves pathway
skin to brain
31
Sensory nerves function
touch reception
32
What do sensory nerves detect?
touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
33
Motor nerves pathway
brain to skin
34
Motor nerves function
regulation of glands and muscles
35
Hypodermis
lowermost layer of the integumentary system
36
What is another name for the hypodermis?
subcutaneous layer
37
What kind of tissue is the hypodermis composed of?
areolar and adipose connective tissue
38
What are the functions of the hypodermis?
energy storage, protection, and insulation
39
Epidermal dendritic cell functions
immune (phagocytes)
40
What does "dendri" mean?
branch
41
What takes place in the granulosum layer?
keratinization
42
Keratinization
nucleus and organelles break down/keratinocytes kill themselves to create protective layer
43
The lucidum contains what?
thick skin only (palms/soles) 2-3 layers of pale dead keratinocytes
44
Corneum
30 layers of dead flat interlocking dead keratinocytes;continously pushed up and shed
45
Corneum
30 layers of dead flat interlocking dead keratinocytes;continously pushed up and shed
46
Thick skin has how many strata?
five
47
What parts of the body have thick skin?
palms and soles
48
Thin skin has how many strata?
four
49
What parts of the body have thin skin?
most parts of the body excluding the lucidum
50
Color
the result of combination several of shades
51
Red color is due to what?
the presence of oxygen in red blood cells
52
Black, brown, tan, yellow-brown and reddish shades are due to what?
type and amount of melanin
53
All people have the same number of what?
melanocytes
54
What is skin color dependent on?
age, heredity, and light exposure
55
Carotene
pigment acquired from yellow-orange vegetables
56
Where can carotene accumulate?
inside subcutaneous fat and keratinocytes
57
What is carotene converted to in the body?
vitamin A
58
What are the types of skin markings?
a nevus (mole, a birthmark), freckles, friction ridges
59
Nevus
harmless localized overgrowth of melanocytes (can become malignant)
60
Freckles
spots in the area of increased activity
61
Friction ridges
unique complex of arches and whorls that increase friction on contact
62
What are the structures derived from the epidermis?
nails, hair, and exocrine glands
63
Nails
plates of tightly packed keratinocytes
64
Nails functions
1. protection of the digits (fingers and toes)
2. assist in grasping objects (more so animals than humans)
65
Hair
strands of tightly packed keratinocytes
66
Location of hair
most skin except the palms, soles, and lips
67
Hair functions
1. protection (physical/chemical damages)
2. visual identification (age, sex, individuals)
3. chemical signal (pheromone) dispersal
68
What are the three types of exocrine glands found in/on the skin?
merocrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
69
Merocrine gland location
widely distributed
70
Merocrine gland shape
tubular coiled
71
Where are merocrine sweat gland secretions released into?
sweat pores
72
Merocrine sweat glands functions
1. thermal regulation
2. waste removal
3. antibacterial
73
Merocrine sweat gland secretion composition
99% water (+ ions, wastes, etc.)
74
Apocrine sweat gland location
axillae, areolar, and genital
75
Apocrine sweat gland shape
tubular coiled
76
Where are apocrine sweat gland secretions released into?
hair follicle
77
Apocrine sweat gland secretion composition
viscous mix of proteins and lipids
78
Apocrine sweat gland secretion function
activate during puberty (signaling)
79
Sebaceous gland location
near hair
80
Sebaceous gland shape
acinar "bunch of berries"
81
Where are sebaceous gland secretions released into?
hair follicle
82
Sebaceous gland secretion composition
sebum (oily mix)
83
Sebaceous gland functions
1. lubrication
2. conditioning
3. antibacterial
84
What are the six functions of the integumentary system?
1. Protection
2. Secretion
3. Absorption
4. Thermal regulation
5. Sensory reception
6. Metabolic regulation
85
What does the integumentary system protect against?
toxins, microbes, UV, etc.
86
What elements of the integumentary system help perform the function of protection?
- being multi-layered
- dendritic cells (immune cells)
87
What is an example of the integumentary system performing the function of secretion?
sebum released to lubricate the surface if the skin and hair
88
What does the integumentary system absorb?
chemicals moving in
89
How does the integumentary system perform thermal regulation?
by the dermal blood vessels and sweat glands
90
What is the function of sensory reception by the integumentary system due to?
a variety of nerve endings within the dermis and epidermis
91
Under UV, keratinocytes synthesize what form of inactive vitamin D?
cholecalciferol
92
Cholecalciferol is modified into what other form of inactive vitamin D?
Calcidiol
93
Where is cholecalciferol modified in to calcidiol?
in the liver
94
Calicdiol is modified into what active form vitamin D?
Calcitriol
95
Calcitriol function
a hormone that increases the absorption of Ca and P from the skeletal system into the blood, thus regulating blood levels of Ca and P
