quiz 4 Ch 12 Flashcards
timing of life events
life stages age at maturity age at 1st reproductive event number of reproductive events number and size of offspring pos reproductive lifespan
principle of allocation
cause tradeoffs between functions like maintenance, growth, fat storage, and egg production
fish egg size and number
the bigger the female fish the more number of eggs laid
bigger egg sizes = less eggs
case study: egg size and number in Darters
hypothesis
population. with many small eggs have fewer allelic frequency than larger eggs
case study: egg size and number in Darters
result
large egg larvae hatch earlier feed earlier, don’t drift as far, and don’t disperse great distances
greater isolation leads to
rapid gene differentiation
4 basic plant forms
graminoids
forbes
woody plants
climbers
graminoids
grass and grass like plants
forbes
herbaceous, non graminoids
woody plants
woody thickening of tissue
climbers
climbing plants and vines
seed size of 4 plant forms
woody and climbers > graminoids and Forbes
6 seed dispersal strategies
unassisted adhesion wind ant vertebrate scatter- hoarded
unassisted
no specialized structures
adhesion
hooks, spines, barbs
wind
wings, hair, resistance structures
ant
oil surface coating
elaisome
oil surface coating in seeds
vertebrate
fleshy coating
aril
fleshy coating on seeds
scatter- hoarded
gathered, stored in caches
small plants produce
large number of small seeds which are an advantage in disturbed habitats
case study: seed size variation cause different recruitment success
result
large seed have increased recruitment
larger seeds have
energy reserved to boost seedling rapid growth to help penetrate thick litter layer
case study: vertebrate energy budget differ before and after sexual maturity
before - energy for maintenance and growth
after - energy for maintenance growth and reproduction
if they delay reproduction they grow faster and larger
adult fish mortality and age of reproductive maturity
spp with higher mortality have higher relative reproductive rates
adult survival on pumpkinseed sunfish life history
low adult survival relative to juveniles due to natural selection leads to fish having to allocate more resources to reproduce
r selection
M and W
per capita rate of increase show high population growth rate
k selection
M and W
carrying capacity have efficient resource use
r selection
pianka
unpredictable environments high inartistic rate of increase not competitive rapid development small body size semelparity reproduction many small offspring
k selection
pianka
predictable environments low inartistic rate of increase competitive slow development large body size iteroparity reproduction few large offspring
2 important variables exerting selective pressure in plants
intensity of disturbance
intensity of stress
intensity of disturbance
proces destroys biomass
intensity of stress
external constraints limit rate productivity
4 environmental extremes
low disturbance: low stress
low disturbance: high stress
high disturbance: low stress
high disturbance: high stress
new classification schemes
by wine miller and rose
juvenile survivorship
fecundity
age of reproductive maturity
charnel key life history featured to dimensionless numbers
remove time and size to make it easier to id similarities and differences btwn groups
