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Ecology > ch 9 > Flashcards

ch 9 Flashcards

1
Q

population

A

group of individuals of single app in specific area

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2
Q

characterize population

A

number of individuals and density

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3
Q

distribution limit

A

physical environment limits geographic distribution of spp.

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4
Q

distribution limit can be

A

geographic range or home range

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5
Q

geographic range

A

geographic area where you find spp.

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6
Q

home range

A

where individuals organism spends its time

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7
Q

case study: kangaroo distribution relate to climate

hypothesis

A

climate and distribution of 3 largest kangaroos in Australia

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8
Q

case study: kangaroo distribution relate to climate

result

A

limited overlap of 3 kangaroos.

limited distribution may be indirectly determined by climate.

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9
Q

limited distribution do to climate affects

A

food production.
water supply.
habitat.
parasites, pathogens, and competitors.

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10
Q

case study: tiger beetle of cold climates

hypothesis

A

prefer low temps (boreal or temporal forest).
compared physiological characteristics of populations
measured water loss
metabolic rate
body temp preferences

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11
Q

case study: tiger beetle of cold climates

results

A

same preferred temp all through locations.
no different physiological measurements btwn population.
high metabolic rates.
low preferred temp
support generalization physical environments limit species distribution .

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12
Q

case study: plant distributor along moisture -temp gradients
hypothesis

A

Encilia spp distribution corresponds with variation in temp and precipitation
California - costal with least pubescent
actoni - inland with less pubescent
other - further inland, hotter, overlap

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13
Q

case study: plant distributor along moisture -temp gradients
result

A

E. frutescens pubescents < E. farinosa even at same temp.

E. frutescens: evaporatively cool and lie in deep soil

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14
Q

spp in intertidal zone

A

exposed to wide variation in temp, light intensity, wave acton, etc.

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15
Q

case study: distribution of barnacle along intertidal exposure gradient **
hypothesis

A

see if zonation off muscle spp leads to drying
chthalamus stellatus usually lives on the upper level
balanus balanodes usually on mid-low level

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16
Q

case study: distribution of barnacle along intertidal exposure gradient **
result

A

balanus are vulnerable to dessication and excluded from upper level
chthalamus cannot be in lower level due to high competition

17
Q

random distribution

A

equal chance of being anywhere.

uniform resource distribution

18
Q

regular distribution

A

uniformly spaced .
territoriality
avoid one another

19
Q

territoriality

A

exclusive use of the area

20
Q

clumped distribution

A

unequal chance o being anywhere,
mutual attraction btwn individualizing.
patchy resource distribution

21
Q

case study: bees

prediction

A

aggressive will be regularly distributed
non aggressive will be random or clumped.
nest trees will be randomly distributed and abundant and not limited in colonies

22
Q

case study: bees

result

A

supported hypothesis

23
Q

case study: desert shrubs

hypothesis

A

competition lead to regular distribution

24
Q

case study: desert shrubs

result

A

young shrubs were clumped.
as clumps grow shrubs die reducing clumping and lead to regular distribution
competition influenced distribution in roots; few overlapping

25
Q

small scale distribution

A

few 100 m

little environmental change

26
Q

large scale

A

substantial environmental change

like entire continent or mountain slope

27
Q

Christmas bird count

A

continental scale of clumped and widespread distribution of bird population

28
Q

case study: bird population in NA by Root

prediction

A

looked at 346 spp of birds that showed showed clumped distribution at a continental scale

29
Q

case study: bird population in NA by Root

observations

A

abundance and distribution of crows are limited to hot spots

30
Q

hot spots

A

areas of high density

31
Q

case study: bird population in NA by brown

A

looked at distribution during breeding season

saw small proportion of sites had most records for each spp. in breeding bird survey

32
Q

case study plant availability and moisture gradient in Arizona
observation

A

moist canyon bottoms and dry SW facing slopes

tree spp were clumped along gradients

33
Q

case study plant availability and moisture gradient in Arizona
result

A

densities decrease toward edge of distribution

34
Q

case study plant availability and moisture gradient in NE U.S.

A

clumped distribution because they aggregate where conditions are favorable

Ecology (25 decks)

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