quiz 2 Ch 6

Question 1

osmosis

Answer 1

water moves down concentration gradient

Question 2

rate

Answer 2

magnitude of gradient

Question 3

evaporation in terrestrial organisms cause

Answer 3

most water loss

by stomata, panting, and sweating

Question 4

water vapor density

Answer 4

amount of water vapor/ volume in air

Question 5

saturation water vapor density

Answer 5

amount water vapor the air could POTENTIALLY hold

Question 6

total atmospheric pressure

Answer 6

all gases in air

Question 7

water vapor pressure

Answer 7

atmospheric pressure exerted by water vapor in air

Question 8

saturation water vapor pressure

Answer 8

air pressure when its saturated with water

Question 9

vapor pressure deficit

Answer 9

difference btwn. actual water vapor pressure vs saturation water vapor pressure at a particular temp

Question 10

vapor pressur deficits is used for

Answer 10

measuring capacity or potential of air to take up moisture

Question 11

isosmotic

Answer 11

equal amount solute as surrounding water

Question 12

hyperosmotic

Answer 12

high solute concentration relative to surrounding water

Question 13

hypo osmotic

Answer 13

lower solute concentration relative to surrounding water

Question 14

2 major water regulation challenges on land

Answer 14

water loss by evaporation

reduce access to replacement

Question 15

water acquisition of kangaroo rats

Answer 15

can go without drinking water

acquire water from food

Question 16

water acquisition of beetles

Answer 16

get water from fog by letting it condense on their back as they stand at with their hind facing upwards

Question 17

water acquisition by plants

Answer 17

root development reflects water availability

Question 18

deep roots

Answer 18

when in dry environment to get water from deep in soil

Question 19

shallow dense roots

Answer 19

plants in environment with infrequent rainfall

Question 20

approached for dealing with dry terrestrial lifestyle

Answer 20

water acquisition and water conservation

Question 21

**how plants and animals can conserve water

Answer 21

waterproof outer coating 
concentrated urine/ feces 
condense water vapor in breath 
behavioral adaptations 
drop leaves when in drought 
thick leaves 
few stomata 
periodic dormancy 
protection from poacher with spines or hairs

Question 22

camels and saguaro cactus are

Answer 22

dissimilar organism with similar approaches to desert life

Question 23

scorpions and cicadas are

Answer 23

similar organisms with opposite approaches to desert life

Question 24

how do camels survive desert life

Answer 24

w/stand 20% water loss by facing sun to reduce extreme sun exposure and thick coat of hair

Question 25

saguaro cactus surviving desert life

Answer 25

trunk and arms can expand to act as water storage
dense shallow roots
reduce evaporative loss by keeping stomata closed

Question 26

scorpion survive desert life by

Answer 26

conserve by staying out of the sun.
low metabolic rate
burrow/ waterproof cuticle

Question 27

cicadas surviving desert life

Answer 27

active on hottest days.
evaporative cooling
reduce abdominal temp by feeling on xylem fluid of pinyon pine trees

Question 28

diff forms of water salt distribution in aquatic environments

Answer 28

isosmotic
hyposmotic
hypersmotic

Question 29

sea star are

Answer 29

isosmotic

they do not have to use energy to overcome osmotic gradients

Question 30

marine bony fish are **

Answer 30

hyposmotic because they have to drink large amounts of sea water to replace extreme water loss.
excrete salts through gills and concentrated urine production

Question 31

sharks, skates, and rays are

Answer 31

hyperosmotic because they have an elevated blood solute concentration relative to sea water. they slowly gain water osmotically.

Question 32

fresh water fish and invertebrates are

Answer 32

hyper osmotic organisms that secrete excess internal water by large amounts of diluted urine.
replace salts by abs Na and Cl at base of gill filaments and ingesting food