quiz 2 Ch 6 Flashcards
osmosis
water moves down concentration gradient
rate
magnitude of gradient
evaporation in terrestrial organisms cause
most water loss
by stomata, panting, and sweating
water vapor density
amount of water vapor/ volume in air
saturation water vapor density
amount water vapor the air could POTENTIALLY hold
total atmospheric pressure
all gases in air
water vapor pressure
atmospheric pressure exerted by water vapor in air
saturation water vapor pressure
air pressure when its saturated with water
vapor pressure deficit
difference btwn. actual water vapor pressure vs saturation water vapor pressure at a particular temp
vapor pressur deficits is used for
measuring capacity or potential of air to take up moisture
isosmotic
equal amount solute as surrounding water
hyperosmotic
high solute concentration relative to surrounding water
hypo osmotic
lower solute concentration relative to surrounding water
2 major water regulation challenges on land
water loss by evaporation
reduce access to replacement
water acquisition of kangaroo rats
can go without drinking water
acquire water from food
water acquisition of beetles
get water from fog by letting it condense on their back as they stand at with their hind facing upwards
water acquisition by plants
root development reflects water availability
deep roots
when in dry environment to get water from deep in soil
shallow dense roots
plants in environment with infrequent rainfall
approached for dealing with dry terrestrial lifestyle
water acquisition and water conservation
**how plants and animals can conserve water
waterproof outer coating concentrated urine/ feces condense water vapor in breath behavioral adaptations drop leaves when in drought thick leaves few stomata periodic dormancy protection from poacher with spines or hairs
camels and saguaro cactus are
dissimilar organism with similar approaches to desert life
scorpions and cicadas are
similar organisms with opposite approaches to desert life
how do camels survive desert life
w/stand 20% water loss by facing sun to reduce extreme sun exposure and thick coat of hair
saguaro cactus surviving desert life
trunk and arms can expand to act as water storage
dense shallow roots
reduce evaporative loss by keeping stomata closed
scorpion survive desert life by
conserve by staying out of the sun.
low metabolic rate
burrow/ waterproof cuticle
cicadas surviving desert life
active on hottest days.
evaporative cooling
reduce abdominal temp by feeling on xylem fluid of pinyon pine trees
diff forms of water salt distribution in aquatic environments
isosmotic
hyposmotic
hypersmotic
sea star are
isosmotic
they do not have to use energy to overcome osmotic gradients
marine bony fish are **
hyposmotic because they have to drink large amounts of sea water to replace extreme water loss.
excrete salts through gills and concentrated urine production
sharks, skates, and rays are
hyperosmotic because they have an elevated blood solute concentration relative to sea water. they slowly gain water osmotically.
fresh water fish and invertebrates are
hyper osmotic organisms that secrete excess internal water by large amounts of diluted urine.
replace salts by abs Na and Cl at base of gill filaments and ingesting food
