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Ecology > quiz 3 ch 8 > Flashcards

quiz 3 ch 8 Flashcards

1
Q

types of social relations

A

mate choice
sociality
eusociality

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2
Q

behavioral ecology

A

study of ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior

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3
Q

fitness

A

reproductive contribution to next generation

ex: being in a herd is safer, but less food

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4
Q

selection

A

favors behaviors that benefit> cost

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5
Q

females

A

produce larger, more energetically costly gametes.

reproduction limited by resource access

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6
Q

males

A

produce smaller, less energetically costly gamete.

reproduction limited by rate access

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7
Q

hermaphrodites

A

M and F function.

simultaneous or sequential reproduction.

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8
Q

conditions favoring hermaphrodites

A

low mobility in large environments.
low overlap in resource demands
share cost of M and F function

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9
Q

sexual selection

A

difference in reproductive rates among individuals resulting in mating success differences

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10
Q

higher fitness

A

variation in sexual selection drives evolution

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11
Q

types of sexual selection

A

intersexual

intrasexual

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12
Q

intersexual selection

A

member of one sex chooses mate based on particular trait

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13
Q

intrasexual

A

individuals of same sex compete with each other for mates

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14
Q

Guppies mate choice and sexual selection

A

intersexual selection: F prefer brightly colored and fit to survive M

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15
Q

Kodric -brown

A

reproductive success due to Attractiveness and dominance.

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16
Q

Endler guppies hypothesis

A

natural selection study to test color pattern in guppies depending on predation

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17
Q

Endler guppies

result

A

if predate was removed then avg # of spots increased and were brighter

18
Q

male scorpion flies

A

compete for who can possess more dead arthropods.
whoever wins secretes pheromones to attract female.
losers secret saliva mass and pheromone, sometimes force copulation

19
Q

female scorpion flies choose males by

A

whoever presents more arthropods and are larger

20
Q

nonrandom mating among wild radishes

hypothesis

A

is mating a random process

do all mates have equal probability of producing offspring

21
Q

sociality

A

group living and cooperation

22
Q

sociality usually involves

A

cooperative feeding.
defense of social group.
restricted reproductive opportunities.

23
Q

inclusive fitness

A

sum of direct and indirect reproductive gains

invest resources like time and energy ratio.

24
Q

cooperative breeders

A

species in groups often cooperate in rearing offspring

25
Q

benefit to helpers

A

inherit territory
practice raising young
inclusive fitness

26
Q

inclusive fitness (Hamilton’s Kin Selection)

A

type of selection which individuals increase their own inclusive fitness by increasing survival and reproduce relatives that are not their own offspring

27
Q

RgB-C>0

A 
genetic relatedness(benefit to recipient) - cost 
find inclusive fitness
28
Q

green woodhoopoes sociality

A

use tree cavities for shelter and raising young.

defend territory by flocks of 2-16

29
Q

green woodhoopoes

cooperative breeding

A

one pair breed creating strong philopatry of cavity

young bird share 50% of genes with siblings and have a chance of inheriting a cavity

30
Q

philopatry

A

stay close to natal territory

31
Q

female lions

A

always related

32
Q

male lions

A

cooperate in territory defense.
not always relatives
form coalition

33
Q

Lions sociality

A

probability of siring depends on rank
more reproductive success in groups 3-4
larger coalitions = relative

34
Q

eusociality characteristics

A

individuals of more than one generation live together.
cooperate to care of young.
individuals divided into non- reproductive and reproductive castes

35
Q

castes

A

groups of physically distinct individuals with specialized behavior in a colony

36
Q

kin selection

A

individual increase inclusive fitness by helping increase survival and reproduction of relatives (not offspring)

37
Q

eusociality of ants

A 
queen = reproduces 
daughters = workers and soldiers/guards
sons = drones
38
Q

naked mole rat

A

singe reproductive queen.
several reproductive males.
males and females are non - reproductive working.

39
Q

honeybees

A

haplodiploidy
males = haploid (one sperm)
sisters= 1/2 DNA from mother and father

40
Q

honeybees sisters develop from

A

fertilized egg.

41
Q

honeybees brother develop from

A

unfertilized egg

Ecology (25 decks)

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