quiz 4 Ch 10 Flashcards
dispersal
how adults end up where they are.
can live in more and 1 habitat in their life
organisms dispersal stage
mobile life
dispersal availability
population dynamics due to individuals moving
why is dispersal availability important
conservation efforts
case study: africanized honeybees
locally adapted subspecies that evolved in Africa and Europe.
dispersed faster in South America, Mexico, and Central America than Europe
case study: collared doves
hypothesis
individual variation in dispersal
case study: collared doves
observations
dispersed from turkey into Europe.
no human influence and happened in small jumps
case study: plant dispersion and climate change
pollen in lake sediments which lead to believe that Maple and Hemlock trees spread north after the glacier retreat.
found that both trees had diff dispersal abilities, the maple dispersed faster.
case study: dispersal in response to changing food supply
hypothesis
predators (kestrel and owl) disperse to areas with more food (voles)
case study: dispersal in response to changing food supply
results
when prey density increases so does the predator density
marked 217 Kestrels but there was a low recapture rate which could be due to them moving in and out of the area
case study: dispersal in rivers and streams (need to keep editing)
muller saw that in rivers, organisms are washed downstream in spates. but the population can be maintained by dynamic interplay of colonization cycle
colonization cycle
downstream and upstream dispersal to compensate for drift
stream dwellers adaptations to maintain position
streamline bodies, being bottom dwellers, and adhesion to a surface.
metapopulations
group of subpopulations living on patches of habitat connected by exchange of individuals
methods of estimating patterns of survival
cohort life table
static life table
age distribution
cohort life table
individuals born at the same time and keep birth records
static life table
individuals born at different times and record age of DEATH of individuals
age distribution
calculate different proportions of individuals in age class assumes difference from mortality
case study: high survival among young of all sheep skulls
assumed proportion skulls in each age class represented typical proportions of indiv dying at that age. created a survivorship curve showing bi-modal mortality (<1 yr and 9-13 yr had high mortality)
example of type 1 survivorship curve ( not done editing)
Dall sheep
example of type 2 survivorship curve
American robin
- constant probability
- die at younger age than older
example of type 3 survivorship curve
sea turtle
- high death rate in early life
- lot of offspring w/ no parental care
- entended lives
age distribution of population
reflects history. of survival, reproduction, and growth potential
case study: age distribution in white oak vs rio grande cottonwood population
look at age distribution btwn age and trunk diameter
white oak: young trees replaced dying old trees
rio grande cottonwood: old trees could not be replaced due to no floods
**case study: dynamic population in variable climate
Galapagos finch populations would decline in times of drought
birthrate
number of young born per female
fecundity schedule
birth rate by age class
R0>1.0
population is growing.
with non-overlapping generations leading to an easily estimate growth rate
