Quiz 30 Flashcards
What is the purpose of vaccination programmes?
Prevent illness in an individual and reduces the spread of the pathogen
Why do antibodies help destroy pathogens more quickly?
Antibodies binds to multiple pathogens via their antigens and clumps them. Then white blood cells can do phagocytosis on many clumped pathogens at once
What happens to mucus once it has been swept up the trachea?
Mucus is swallowed to the stomach. Stomach acid kills trapped pathogens
Why do antibodies for measles not bind to antigens on HIV?
Antibodies can only bind to one type of antigen
After an infection, what type of cell do some white blood cells turn into?
Memory cells
How do ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea and bronchi prevent pathogens entering the body?
They have cilia on their surface which sweep mucus, containing trapped pathogens, up and out of the trachea
What is the body’s response to a vaccine?
Produce memory cells which remember the pathogen
What does a vaccination contain?
A small quantity of dead or inactive form of a pathogen
Why are memory cells important if a person is reinfected with a pathogen?
Memory cells cause a stronger immune response(secondary response)
What does engulf mean?
Surround completely
What are antibodies?
Small proteins that attach to antigens on the surface of pathogens
How does the nose prevent pathogens entering the body?
The nose contains tiny hair which trap pathogens
How do white blood cells recognise pathogens?
Pathogens have markers called antigens on their surface
What are antitoxins?
Antitoxins destroy toxin chemicals so they don’t damage cells
