Quiz 3 Flashcards
Richard Lazarus’s theory of emotion and Stanley Schachter’s two-factor theory of emotion are similar in that they both ______.
-contradict the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
-minimize the importance of cognitive appraisals
-acknowledge the importance of eliciting stimuli or situational cues in determining emotions
-view emotion primarily as a physiological process
Acknowledge the importance of eliciting stimuli or situational cues in determining emotions
Some researchers are intrigued by the results from studies suggesting that sexual orientation may be manipulated by prenatal exposure to sex hormones. However, many remain unconvinced by these findings, stating that the studies of ___________ that have been done are ____________ in nature and thus they can provide no clear causal conclusions.
humans; correlational
Which of the following describes the trends in premarital sex over the last 50 years? The amount of premarital sex ______.
-has stayed about the same
-has been declining
-has been increasing and likely will continue to increase
-had been increasing but has levelled off
Has been declining
A student comes home shivering from the bitter cold outdoors. When the student shivering does not stop for a few minutes, the student has a cup of hot chocolate to warm themselves. The hot drink brought the student’s body to a state of __________.
homeostatsis
When you take tests you feel anxious. According to a cognitive-affective perspective on emotion, the intensity of the anxiety is probably determined by ___________; and the fact that you feel anxious (versus euphoria, for example) is probably a result of ______________.
-cognitive appraisal; cognitive appraisal
-physiological arousal; physiological arousal
-physiological arousal; cognitive appraisal
-cognitive appraisal; physiological arousal
physiological arousal; cognitive appraisal
Psychodynamic theories would suggest that much of human behaviour is motivated by ______.
Unconcious motives
According to the expectancy x value theory of motivation, the worth that an individual place on a goal is often called the _________ value.
incentive
Mesquita, Frijda, and Scherer (1997) analyzed cross-cultural studies and concluded that instrumental actions fall into five broad categories. Which of the following is NOT one of their categories?
-Helplessness
-Domination
-Moving toward others (e.g., love)
-Moving away from others (fear, revulsion)
Domination
Joseph LeDoux’s work on the brain areas involved in emotional processes has revealed that there is an independent neural path taking sensory information through the thalamus to the ______________. This specific connection could account for why we are sometimes able to respond behaviourally to environmental stimuli before we have the chance to make a cognitive appraisal of these stimuli.
Amygdala
The division between _____________ is not always clear but some theorists suggest that it is best to consider one as a stimulus and the other as a response.
Motivation and Emotion
In men, the orgasm phase of the sexual response cycle includes ______.
-rhythmic contractions of muscles
-increases in vasocongestion
-rhythmic contractions of internal organs and projection of semen
-resolution
Rhythmic contractions of internal organs and projection of semen
Positive or negative affective states that are comprised of various cognitive, physiological, and behavioural responses are called ____________.
Emotions
If you knew how motivated your roommate was to study for their next test, you would know all the following information EXCEPT
how long they would study
the intensity with which they would study
whether they would study or not
how they felt about studying
How they felt about studying
If there is an absence of androgen activity during development, an embryo will ______.
Develop the organs, brain and reproductive system of a female
In his two-factor theory of emotion, Stanley Schachter asserts that the cognitive appraisal of ___________ provide(s) essential information to help us determine exactly what emotion we are feeling whereas our ______________ tell(s) us how strongly we are feeling something.
situational cues; level of physiological arousal
Joseph LeDoux’s research on the brain mechanisms involved in emotion determined that sensory input from the thalamus is routed independently to both the cortex and the amygdala. This specific neural wiring could account for the fact that ______.
-physiological arousal can produce both instrumental and expressive behavioural responses
-we can have separate conscious and unconscious emotional reactions to the same stimuli
-different people can respond with different emotions to the same stimulus
-cognitive appraisals for various emotions tend to be very similar across different cultures
We can have separate conscious and unconscious emotional expressive behavioural responses
Research suggests that people with a high need for achievement tend to have a __________ need for success and a _____________ fear of failure.
high; low
Which of the following most directly demonstrates that genetics play an important role in obesity?
-Scientists have determined that most of the time, a single gene appears to determine obesity.
-Obesity rates in the United States and Canada have increased rapidly in the past few years.
-Identical twins raised apart are about as similar in body mass as identical twins raised together.
-Technological advances have decreased the need for daily physical activity.
Identical twins raised apart are about as similar in body mass as identical twins raised together
Dopamine is thought to be associated with _________, whereas serotonin and norepinephrine may play a role in __________.
Positive emotions; anger
Higher levels of leptin are associated with ______
decreased apetite
Most research on sexual activities tends to be done with ______.
Surveys
You strive hard for success making you a high-need achiever. You work best when he __________.
-is working on simple low-demand tasks
-perceives himself as personally responsible for the outcome
-is criticized by others
-is in a cooperative environment
percieves himself as personally responsible for the outcome
Fat cells in the body actively regulate the processes of food intake and weight regulation by secreting the hormone ____________, which is known to decrease appetite.
leptin
The theory of emotion which asserts that the thalamus sends messages directly to the cortex and that these messages determine the experience of emotion is called the ___________ theory. The physiological arousal that accompanies the emotion is determined by separate messages sent from the thalamus to the body’s internal organs.
Cannon-Bard
In women, the orgasm phase of the sexual response cycle includes ______.
-resolution
-rhythmic contractions of the outer third of the vagina
-rapid increases and decreases in lubrication
-increases in vasocongestion
rhythmic contractions of the ourter third of the vagina
You have a high need for achievement. You take a class where you are responsible for your grade, you are unsure of your ability in the class, and you receive regular feedback from the instructor. We can expect that you will work __________ than the typical student.
-harder than the other women but not as hard as the men
-less
-harder
-the same as
Harder
Rats with mutations to the db gene become obese because ______.
the receptors in their brain is insensitive to leptin
Cross-cultural research suggests that women are ______________ than men at judging facial expressions.
Better
Children in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia have ample opportunity to observe the sexual behaviour of their parents. It is also typical when they reach adolescence for a middle-aged adult of the opposite sex to instruct them in sexual behaviour and to have sexual intercourse with them. This example best demonstrates how ___________ factors can have an impact on sexual behaviour.
cultural
Feeling states that involve patterns of cognitive, physiological, and behavioural reactions to events is specifically known as the concept of __________________.
emotion
