Module 7 (Chapter 16) Flashcards
Psychological Disorders
inner experiences and behaviours that are atypical or violate social norms could signify the presence of a disorder, however, each of these criteria alone is adequate
Abnormal Behaviour
3 criterion; Distress, dysfunction, and deviance; The behaviours being displayed is intensely distressing to the individual. The behaviours are also dysfunctional for the individual or society. The behaviours causes societal concern about deviance
Disturbed people are either involuntarily possessed or voluntarily made a pact with the forces of darkness
Demonological view of abnormal behaviour
What model emphasizes the biological and situational aspects of psychological disorders?
Vunerability-stress model - individuals have a degree of vulnerability for developing a psychological disorders (predisposition); only creates a disorder when a stressor is present (recent/current event that requires a person to cope) both combine to trigger a disorder
What is the DSM-5
The updated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Incorporates both categorical systems (people placed in specific diagnostic categories) and dimensional scales (relevant behaviours are rated along a severity measure; psychological disorders are extensions, different in degree instead of kind) - in order to help represent the uniqueness of each individual
What are demonological ways for dealing with the deviant behaviour
One way = binding womans hands and feet and throwing her into lake/pond - if the women sunk/drowned they were considered innocent but if they floated they were considered guility
Reliability and validity of diagnostic classification system
Realiable - clinicians using the system should show high levels of agreement in their diagnostic decisions
Valid - should accurately capture the essential features of various disorders
What are the consequences of psychiatric labelling
Becomes easy to accept the label as an accurate description of the individual instead of just behaviour. Difficult to look at the behaviour objectively
What are these four components apart of:
Emotional (Feelings of tension); Cognitive (worry; thought about inability to cope); Physiological (increased heart rate); Behavioural (avoidance of feared situations; decreased task preformance
Anxiety
What are the 3 major phobias?
Agoraphobia (fear of public/open spaces); Social Phobia (Now social anxiety; fear of certain situations) Specific Phobias (Fear of specific objects, animals or situations; ex. fear of spiders ie. Arachnophobia)
What is the difference between generalized anxiety and phobia disorders?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is chronic”free floating” anxiety that may last months or years and it’s not tied to a specific situation, object or animal
what is a sudden, unpredictable and intense feeling that doesn’t seem to have a trigger and has terrifying symptoms that can make you feel like you are dying?
Panic Disorder
OCD components
Obssesion complusion disorder; Obessions = repetitive, unwelcome, thoughts, images or impulses that invade consciousness (Did I lock the door? I should check the door. etc.); Compulsion = repetitive behaviours that are difficult to resist (knocking 5x before entering a room), that are responses to the obsessive thoughts to reduce anxiety aroused by them.
Anxiety Biological Factors
Genetic predisposition; an overreactive nervous system because of low levels of GABA - GABA reduces neural activity to the amygdala which plays a role with threat detection
Gender differences = women more likely to develop anxiety disorder then men
Psychoanalytic Theory on Anxiety
Neurotic Anxiety is when unacceptable impulses threaten to overwhelm the ego’s defenses; how ego deals with the impulses depends on the disorder - Phobic = neurotic anxiety is displaced onto an external stimuli that has a symbolic relation to the underlying conflict - OCD = Obessions are related to the underlying conflict just less terrifying; Compulsions are a way of undoing one’s unacceptable urgers
