Module 1 (Chapter 1) Flashcards
Science
an approach to asking and answering questions: a process of inquiry
Scientific Method
procedure for systematic oberservation, measurement and expirement
Empirical Approach
evidence gained through structured experience and observation
Critical Thinking
Not blindly accepting arguments and conclusions
Structuralism
The study of the structure/characteristics of the mind (breaking down into basic components
Introspection
Looking within
Functionalism
Studying the function instead of the structure of conscious
Psychoanalysis
Analysis of internal and primary unconscious psychological forces
Gestalt psychology
School of thought - how the mind organizes elements of experience into a unified “whole”
Behaviourism
School of thought that emphasizes environmental control over behaviour
Operant Conditioning
(Skinner) Associated learning by reinforcement or punishment
Classical Conditioning
(Pavlov/Watson) Type of unconscious or automatic learning
Humanistic Psychology
A perspective emphaizes free will, personal growth, and attempts to find the meaning in one’s existence
Cognitive Psychology
A perspective that examines the mind and how mental processes influences behaviour. Humans are information processors whose actions are governed by thought
Cognitive Neuroscience
Examines brain activity while people are engage in cognitive task by use sophisticated electrical recording and brain imaging techniques
Evolutionary Psychology
seeks to explain how evolution shaped modern human behaviour
Sociocultural Psychology
how social environment and cultural learning influence our behaviours, thoughts, and feelings
Biopsychosocial approach
A 3 level examination of behaviour and it’s causes
-Biological (Brain functioning, hormones, genes)
-Psychological (Thoughs, memory, planning)
-Environmental (stimuli in physical/socail environment)
Clinical Psychology
The study and treatment of mental disorders
Personality Psychology
Studies patterns of thoughs feelings and behaviours in individuals
Developmental Psychology
Physical, psychological, and social development that occurs over our lifespan
Forensic Pyschology
Psychological principles on legal issues (studying criminal behaviour, treatments, or working directly in court system)
Health Psychology
understanding how psychological, sociological, biological, environmental elements effect our health and well-being
Industrial Psychology
Psychological concepts and methods to optimize an individuals potential in the workplace
Social Psychology
social behaviour and mentals process that show how people relate to each other
School Psychology
combines principles from educational and clinical psychology to help students with learning disabilities
Experimental Psychology
basic processes like learning, sensory systems, and perceptions
Basic Research
Quest for knowledge for one’s own sake
Nature-Nurture Issue
Does biological aspects (nature) or environment (nurture) affect our behaviour more?
Applied Research
designed to solve specific practical problems
Define Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour
Describe the importance of Wundt and James in the development of psychology
Willhelm Wundt - established the first psychological experimental psychology laboratory at Uni of Leipzig in Germany
William James - a leader in the functionalist movement, and taught courses in physiology, psychology. Widen the scope for biological and mental processes
Describe Freud’s Approach
The psychodyanmic perspective - the cause of behaviour within inner workings of our personality, emphasizing unconscious process - Freuds theory of psychoanalysis - analysis of internal and primarily unconscious psychological forces
Describe basic tenet of Gestalt Psychology
A school of thought - the mind organizes elements of experience into a unified “whole” preception
Describe the basic principle of Behaviourism
A school of though - emphasizes environmental control over behaviour through learning - emerged in 1913. John B. Watson. Psychology should be about observable matter
all behaviour is result of stimuli (classical conditioning, opperant conditioning)
Describe the importance of cognitive revolution
bridged the gap between physical world and world of ideas, concepts, meanings, and intentions
Describe the basic principles of modern psychology
Psychology is empirical
multiple perspectives
limited values of dichotomies
Active perceivers
inevitability of trade-offs
Describe the biopyschosocial approach
This approach combines 3 levels of analysis, biological, psychological, and environmental/socio-cultural. This over more complete view
Describe and define the psychology’s main subfields
Clinical - study and treatment of mental disorders
Cognitive - study of mental processes especially from a model that views mind as processor
Developmental
