Quiz 2

Question 1

Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that:
-There is no relationship between height and weight
-Usually, the shorter someone is, the heavier they are
-As height increases, typically weight increases
-Usually, the taller someone is, the thinner they are

Answer 1

As height increases, typically weight increases

Question 2

The laboratory environment is designed to:
-Minimize the use of animals in psychological research
-Re-create psychological forces under controlled conditions
-Re-create psychological forces under random conditions
-Re-create the conditions of everyday life

Answer 2

Re-create psychological forces under controlled conditions

Question 3

The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when?
-It is positive
-It is negative
-It is closest to -1
-It is closest to 0

Answer 3

It’s closest to 0

Question 4

In order for a study to be considered an experiment, there must be both random assignment of subjects/participants to groups, and ________.

Answer 4

manipulation of an independent variable

Question 5

If the variability of a score is __________ the score average is a more reliable measures of the average score in the population.
Positive
Low
Negative
High

Answer 5

Low

Question 6

Which of the three measures of variability is most easily distorted by a few large or very small scores?
-Range
-Standard devation
-Variance
-They are all equally vulnerable to distortion from atypical scores

Answer 6

Range

Question 7

Operational definition is?
-A precise definition that describe the behaviours that make up a construct
-A definition of the statistical procedures that will be used in the research study
-A definition of a variable in terms of precisely how it is to be measured
-A precise definition that describe the relation between the construct being studies and other constructs

Answer 7

A definition of a variable in terms of precisely how it is to be measured

Question 8

Coding systems are used:
-to record reaction times.
-to determine the levels of behaviour.
-to determine the cause of a behaviour.
-to record different categories of behaviour.

Answer 8

To record different categories of behaviour

Question 9

A ______________ provides a visual representation of the direction and the strength of a relationship between two variables.
-Plot
-Histogram
-Graph
-Scatterplot

Answer 9

Scatterplot

Question 10

An advantage of the experimental method in psychology is?
-That the surroundings are always similar to real life experiences
-The identification of a cause-effect relationship
-Similar to the correlational method in that causality is determined
-That is an informal way to investigate behavior

Answer 10

The identification of cause-effect relationship

Question 11

Students who do better in high school tend to do better in college. This is an example of?

Answer 11

A positive correlation

Question 12

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter, while the ________ represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter:
-Experiment bias; dependent variable
-Independent variable; placebo effect
-Dependent variable; independent variable
-Independent variable; dependent variable

Answer 12

independant variable; dependant variable

Question 13

Sometimes, researchers will administer a(n) ________ to participants in the control group to control for the effects that participant expectation might have on the experiment:
-Independent variable
-Dependent variable
-Placebo
-Debrief

Answer 13

placebo

Question 14

In a double-blind procedure:
-Only the parcipants know whether they are in the control group or the experimental group
-Experimental and control group members will be carefully matched for age and gender
-Neither the participants nor the researcher knows who is in the experimental group or control group
-Someone separates from the researcher will ask people to volunteer for the experimental group or the control group

Answer 14

Neither the participants nor the researcher knows who is in the experimental group or control group

Question 15

Using existing records to try to answer a research question is
-Archival research
-Naturalistic observation
-Survey research
-Longitudinal research

Answer 15

Archival research

Question 16

In order to summarize or organize a series of observations in some meaningful way, psychologists may develop?
-Theories
-Surveys
-Experiments
-Hypotheses

Answer 16

Theories

Question 17

Which of the following involves observing behaviour in individuals in their natural environment?
-Survey
-Naturalistic observation
-Archival research
-Case studies

Answer 17

Naturalistic Observation

Question 18

In an experiment to find out if taking ginseng increases IQ scores, the IQ scores would be?
-A control variable
-The independent variable
-The dependent variable
-An external variable

Answer 18

The Dependant variable

Question 19

_______________ helps minimize pre-existing differences between experimental and control groups.

Answer 19

Random assignment

Question 20

The null hypothesis states that:
-There is a relationship between two variables in the population and the relationship in the sample reflects this relationship in the population
-There is no relationship between two variables in the population and the relationship in the sample reflects only sampling error
-There is no relationship between two variables in the population and the relationship in the sample reflect measurement error
-There is a relationship between two variables in the population and the relationship in the sample reflects sampling error

Answer 20

There is no relationship between two variables in the population and the relationship in the same reflects only sampling error

Question 21

Which of the three measures of central tendency is most easily distorted by a few large or very small scores?

Answer 21

Mean

Question 22

By using random assignment, researchers are able to control for ________, which are other factors besides the independent variable(s) that may influence research results.

Answer 22

Confounding variable

Question 23

Acquiring knowledge through observations and experience refers to?

Answer 23

Empiricism

Question 24

A common method for selecting representative samples is to select them?

Answer 24

Randomly from the larger population

Question 25

To explain behaviours and clarify cause and effect, psychologists use:

Answer 25

Theories

Question 26

A psychologist observes the confrontation between two rival neighborhood gangs from the window of an abandoned building. This method of collecting observations is best described as?

Answer 26

Naturalistic observation

Question 27

Subjects are said to be assigned randomly when?
-Neither the experimenter nor the subject knows whether the subjects in the experimental or control group
-They are assigned to experimental and control groups so that the groups differ on some critical variable before the experiment begins
-They each have an equal chance of being assigned to either the experimental or control group
-They are assigned to experimental and control group from a sample which is representative of the larger population

Answer 27

They each have an equal chance of being assigned to either the experimental or control group

Question 28

Which of the following involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time?
-Naturalistic observation
-Longitudinal research
-Archival research
-Cross-sectional research

Answer 28

Longitudinal Research

Question 29

Deception:
-Can take a variety of form
-Involves using a double-blind procedure
-Is always unnecessary
-Is always acceptable

Answer 29

Can take a variety of form

Question 30

An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning. Two groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music. The independent variable is?

Answer 30

The music