Module 3 (Chapter 11)

Question 1

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 1

Eating Disorder, associated with weight loss

Question 2

Binge Eating Disorder

Answer 2

Eating disorder, inability to stop eating when supposed to

Question 3

Bisexual

Answer 3

Feeling attraction to more than 1 gender, typically with women and men

Question 4

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 4

Eating disorder, binging food then purging said food

Question 5

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 5

Thalamus sends simultaneous signal to the cortex and internal organs - therefore independent responses
Stimulus - subcortical activity - autonomic arousal and conscious emotion

Question 6

Central Nucleus

Answer 6

Nucleus in Amygdala; amygdala recieve direct input from senses generates emotional reaction before cerebral cortex

Question 7

Components of Emotion

Answer 7

Subjective experience, a physiological response and behavioural expressive response

Question 8

Distorted Body Image

Answer 8

Complex Constuct, from culture values and norms. You have a distorted image of what your body looks like

Question 9

Drive Theory

Answer 9

Theory on motivation; Clark Hull; physiological disruption to homeostasis produces drives; creates internal tensions giving us drive to reduce tension

Question 10

Emotion

Answer 10

Positive or Negative feelings consist of patterns of cognitive, physiological, and behavioural reactions to events that affect important goals/motives

Question 11

Gender Dysphoria

Answer 11

sense of unease with biological sex and gender identity

Question 12

Gender Identity

Answer 12

Each person’s individual experience with gender

Question 13

Habit

Answer 13

regular tendency/practice that’s hard to give up

Question 14

Heterosexual

Answer 14

Being attracted to people of the opposite sex

Question 15

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 15

Abraham Maslow - Humanistic Perspective - Hierarchy of human needs, lowest being physiological (eating, sleeping…) highest being self-actualization ( fulfill our potential, ultimate motive) You have to start at the bottom and work your way up

Question 16

Instincts

Answer 16

Inherited predisposition to behave in a specific and predictable way when exposed to particular stimuli. Genetic basis, and found universally. Darwin’s theory inspired views that instincts motivate behaviour

Question 17

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 17

Doing something for your own enjoyment (doing it because you like it)

Question 18

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 18

Do activities to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment (

Question 19

James-Lange Theory

Answer 19

William James - Carl Lange - Now the Somatic Theory of Emotion - Body informs mind. Our physiological response to the eliciting stimulus determines our emotion (we are sad because we are crying)

Question 20

Motivation

Answer 20

The process that influences the direction, persistence, and vigour of goal-directed behaviour

Question 21

Schachter-Singer two-factor theory

Answer 21

Arousal and cognitive labelling based on situation cues gives us information to what we are feeling

Question 22

Self-efficacy

Answer 22

individuals belief in their capacity to act in ways necessary to achieve goal

Question 23

Sexual Response Cycle

Answer 23

4 stage response cycle - Excitement (arousal raises rapidly, blood flow to genitals increases) Plateau (respiration, heart rate, muscle tension continue to build) Orgasm (muscle contraction around gential) In males followed by resolution phase (arousal decreases and genital organs back to normal)

Question 24

Set point

Answer 24

Biological control method to regulate body weight

Question 25

Yerkes Dodson Law

Answer 25

Empirical relationship between pressure and preformance

Question 26

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Answer 26

feedback to the brain might be key in determining the nature and intensity of emotion what we expirence

Question 27

Define Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation

Answer 27

Instrinsic Motivation is doing something for your own enjoyment, you don’t need any external rewards
Extrinsic Motivation is doing something for some type of external reward or to avoid punishment

Question 28

Understand that instincts, drive reduction, self-efficacy, and social motives have all been proposed as theories of motivation

Answer 28

Instincts - William James (3 dozen instincts)
Drive-Reduction - Clark Hull (disruption in homeostatsis creates drives)
Self-Efficacy - Individuals belief in their capacity to execute behaviour is necessary to produce performance
Social Motives - people in general have motivation to engage with other people

Question 29

Explain basic concepts associated with Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Answer 29

(bottom) Physiological Needs - food, shelter, clothes
Safety - employment, individual safety
Love and Belonging - Friends, Family, Sense of connection
Esteem - Respect, Self-worth
(top) Self-Actualization - desire to become what one could be
Need to start at bottom and work your way up

Question 30

Describe how hunger and eating are regulated

Answer 30

Biologically - Hormones like leptin (stop) and Cholecystokinin (full), Ghrelin (craving)
Psychologically - Anxiety about body, good taste of food reinforces,
Enivronmentally: Cultural food, and body norms

Question 31

Differentiate between levels of overweight and obesity and the associated health consequences

Answer 31

BMI of 25 - 29.9 = overweight, 30 = obese

Question 32

Understand basic biological mechanisms regulating sexual behaviour and motivation

Answer 32

4 stage sexual response - excitement, plateau, orgams, and resolution/refactory. Gonadotrophins - hormone affect gonads secretion of androgen and estrogen.

Question 33

Alfred Kinsley’s research on human sexuality

Question 34

William Masters, Virginia Johnsons’s reseach contributions, made to understand sexual response cycle

Answer 34

4 stage sexual response - excitement, plateau, orgams, and resolution/refactory.

Question 35

Define sexual orientation and gender identity

Answer 35

one’s emotional and erotic prefrence for partner of particular sex (heterosexual, homosexual, bi, pan, asexual)
personal conception of oneself as male female, or nonbinary

Question 36

Explain major theories of emotion

Answer 36

James-Lange - Eliciting Stimuli, Autonomic Arousal/behavioural response, conscious emotion (we are sad because we are crying)(William James, and Carl Lange)
Cannon-Bard - Eliciting Stimuli, Subcortical Activity to both autonomic arousal and conscious emotion (Walter Cannon and Philip Bard)
Two-Factor theory - intensity of physiological arousal and situational cues tells us how strongly we are feeling and what we are feeling (Stanley Schachter and Richard Lazarus) (facial feedback)

Question 37

Describe role that limbic system play in emotional processing

Answer 37

induces fight or flight by intensing anger or fear in situation. Thalamus and amygdala play important roles in emotion

Question 38

Understand the ubiquitous nature of producing and recognizing expression

Answer 38

Cultural Display Rules - culturally specific standards type and frequency of display of emotion
Universal emotion display - smiling = happy, frown = sad, furrowed brows = anger…
Facial expression capable of influencing feelingn