Module 3 (Chapter 11) Flashcards
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating Disorder, associated with weight loss
Binge Eating Disorder
Eating disorder, inability to stop eating when supposed to
Bisexual
Feeling attraction to more than 1 gender, typically with women and men
Bulimia Nervosa
Eating disorder, binging food then purging said food
Cannon-Bard Theory
Thalamus sends simultaneous signal to the cortex and internal organs - therefore independent responses
Stimulus - subcortical activity - autonomic arousal and conscious emotion
Central Nucleus
Nucleus in Amygdala; amygdala recieve direct input from senses generates emotional reaction before cerebral cortex
Components of Emotion
Subjective experience, a physiological response and behavioural expressive response
Distorted Body Image
Complex Constuct, from culture values and norms. You have a distorted image of what your body looks like
Drive Theory
Theory on motivation; Clark Hull; physiological disruption to homeostasis produces drives; creates internal tensions giving us drive to reduce tension
Emotion
Positive or Negative feelings consist of patterns of cognitive, physiological, and behavioural reactions to events that affect important goals/motives
Gender Dysphoria
sense of unease with biological sex and gender identity
Gender Identity
Each person’s individual experience with gender
Habit
regular tendency/practice that’s hard to give up
Heterosexual
Being attracted to people of the opposite sex
Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow - Humanistic Perspective - Hierarchy of human needs, lowest being physiological (eating, sleeping…) highest being self-actualization ( fulfill our potential, ultimate motive) You have to start at the bottom and work your way up
Instincts
Inherited predisposition to behave in a specific and predictable way when exposed to particular stimuli. Genetic basis, and found universally. Darwin’s theory inspired views that instincts motivate behaviour
Intrinsic Motivation
Doing something for your own enjoyment (doing it because you like it)
Extrinsic Motivation
Do activities to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment (
James-Lange Theory
William James - Carl Lange - Now the Somatic Theory of Emotion - Body informs mind. Our physiological response to the eliciting stimulus determines our emotion (we are sad because we are crying)
Motivation
The process that influences the direction, persistence, and vigour of goal-directed behaviour
Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
Arousal and cognitive labelling based on situation cues gives us information to what we are feeling
Self-efficacy
individuals belief in their capacity to act in ways necessary to achieve goal
Sexual Response Cycle
4 stage response cycle - Excitement (arousal raises rapidly, blood flow to genitals increases) Plateau (respiration, heart rate, muscle tension continue to build) Orgasm (muscle contraction around gential) In males followed by resolution phase (arousal decreases and genital organs back to normal)
Set point
Biological control method to regulate body weight
Yerkes Dodson Law
Empirical relationship between pressure and preformance
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
feedback to the brain might be key in determining the nature and intensity of emotion what we expirence
Define Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation
Instrinsic Motivation is doing something for your own enjoyment, you don’t need any external rewards
Extrinsic Motivation is doing something for some type of external reward or to avoid punishment
Understand that instincts, drive reduction, self-efficacy, and social motives have all been proposed as theories of motivation
Instincts - William James (3 dozen instincts)
Drive-Reduction - Clark Hull (disruption in homeostatsis creates drives)
Self-Efficacy - Individuals belief in their capacity to execute behaviour is necessary to produce performance
Social Motives - people in general have motivation to engage with other people
Explain basic concepts associated with Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
(bottom) Physiological Needs - food, shelter, clothes
Safety - employment, individual safety
Love and Belonging - Friends, Family, Sense of connection
Esteem - Respect, Self-worth
(top) Self-Actualization - desire to become what one could be
Need to start at bottom and work your way up
Describe how hunger and eating are regulated
Biologically - Hormones like leptin (stop) and Cholecystokinin (full), Ghrelin (craving)
Psychologically - Anxiety about body, good taste of food reinforces,
Enivronmentally: Cultural food, and body norms
Differentiate between levels of overweight and obesity and the associated health consequences
BMI of 25 - 29.9 = overweight, 30 = obese
Understand basic biological mechanisms regulating sexual behaviour and motivation
4 stage sexual response - excitement, plateau, orgams, and resolution/refactory. Gonadotrophins - hormone affect gonads secretion of androgen and estrogen.
Alfred Kinsley’s research on human sexuality
William Masters, Virginia Johnsons’s reseach contributions, made to understand sexual response cycle
4 stage sexual response - excitement, plateau, orgams, and resolution/refactory.
Define sexual orientation and gender identity
one’s emotional and erotic prefrence for partner of particular sex (heterosexual, homosexual, bi, pan, asexual)
personal conception of oneself as male female, or nonbinary
Explain major theories of emotion
James-Lange - Eliciting Stimuli, Autonomic Arousal/behavioural response, conscious emotion (we are sad because we are crying)(William James, and Carl Lange)
Cannon-Bard - Eliciting Stimuli, Subcortical Activity to both autonomic arousal and conscious emotion (Walter Cannon and Philip Bard)
Two-Factor theory - intensity of physiological arousal and situational cues tells us how strongly we are feeling and what we are feeling (Stanley Schachter and Richard Lazarus) (facial feedback)
Describe role that limbic system play in emotional processing
induces fight or flight by intensing anger or fear in situation. Thalamus and amygdala play important roles in emotion
Understand the ubiquitous nature of producing and recognizing expression
Cultural Display Rules - culturally specific standards type and frequency of display of emotion
Universal emotion display - smiling = happy, frown = sad, furrowed brows = anger…
Facial expression capable of influencing feelingn
