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Pharmacology > Quiz 10/16 > Flashcards

Quiz 10/16 Flashcards

1
Q

Glucagon dosage

A

Antihypoglycemic: 1mg IM, large doses Beta blocker, calcium channel blocker: 3mg-10mg IV

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1
Q

Dextrose (D50) class

A

Carbohydrate

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1
Q

Nitroglycerin: Precautions

A

Check vitals after each administraton, NTG induced hypotension responds well to supine positioning and fluids. It is preferable to establish IV access prior to adminstering NTG. Right-sided MI and use of NTG can result in sever hypotension

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2
Q

Dextrose (D50) side effects

A

Nausea if given too rapidly.

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2
Q

Dextrose (D50) contraindications

A

None when used in emergency situations

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3
Q

aspirin

dosage

A

324 mg

(four baby chewable aspirin)

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4
Q

aspirin

note

A

Aspirin given at the onset of an acute MI reduces mortality and is one of the most effective treatments medics can offer. Don’t forget to give aspirin to patients with cardiac chest pain!

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5
Q

activated charcoal

class

A

adsorbent

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6
Q

activated charcoal

contraindications

A

Altered mental status unless administered by NG tube and airway protected with ET tube.

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6
Q

aspirin

indications

A

Acute chest pain of suspected cardiac origin.

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6
Q

Dextrose (D50) interactions

A

None

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7
Q

Asprin

Classes

A

platelet inhibitor EMS use,

analgesic,

antipyretic,

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory

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8
Q

Glucagon pharmacokinetics

A

onset: 5-20 min (IM)

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9
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: immediate

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10
Q

activated charcoal

indications

A

Selected indications. because activated charcoal will not bind to all substances (for example; not to alcohol or petroleum products), treatment is best dictated by OLMC and/or poison center. Treatment is usually not indicated unless it has been less than two hours since ingestion.

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11
Q

aspirin

pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: 5– 30 min.

Peak: 15 min.-2 hours

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11
Q

aspirin

side effects

A

There are few significant side effects to one dose of aspirin.

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12
Q

Glucagon precautions

A

Ineffective with patients who have reduced glycogen stores

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13
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Precautions

A

Paradoxical bradycardia can occur after slow administration or with small doses (minimum dose 0.5mg adults. 0.1mg children). Avoid in hypothermic bradycardia.

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14
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Contraindications

A

None when used in emergency situations.

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15
Q

Glucagon side effects

A

Nausea/vomiting if given rapid IV

17
Q

Dextrose (D50) indications

A

Hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, (if given concurently with insulin)

17
Q

Nitroglycerin: Side effects

A

Hypotension, headache, dizziness, dry mouth.

17
Q

Nitroglycerin: Note

A

Nitroglycerin paste is not indicated for the treatment of acute chest pain. some protocols will use paste in conjunction with sublingual doses.

19
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Mechanism of Action

A

Atropine is a competitive antagonist for acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors on the target organs of the parasympathetic system (e.g. heart, lungs. salivary glands etc.). In this way, atropine blocks the action of the parasympathetic system.

20
Q

Glucagon Mechanism of Action

A

Causes a breakdown of glycogen stores in the liver into glucose, raising circulating blood glucose. Glucagon has positive inotronic and chronotropic effects on the heart that are independent of beta-adrenergic receptors which is why it is useful with beta blocker overdose.

21
Q

Nitroglycerin: Indications

A

Chest pain thought to be cardiac in origin, acute pulmonary edema, may be used in hypertensive crisis.

23
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Supplied

A

1mg/10ml preloaded syringe.

24
Q

aspirin

precautions

A

None in prehospital setting.

24
Q

Dextrose (D50) pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: immediate if given IV

26
Q

Nitroglycerin: Dosage

A

1 tablet (0.4 mg) given sublingually q 5 minutes. 1 metered dose spray (0.4mg) sublingually q 5 minutes. 1-2” of paste. 5mcg/min IV (titrate to 5mcg/min q 5 minutes untill desired effect is achieved.)

27
Q

aspirin

contraindications

A

confirmed allergy, active G.I. bleeding, suspected aortic dissection

(Local protocols may permit administration of ASA to patients on anticoagulants, although it is not an actual contraindication since warfarin does not inhibit platelet aggregation).

Children or adolescents with viral infection should not take aspirin (Reye’s syndrome).

29
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Class

A

Parasympathetic, anticholinergic, antimuscarinic, vagolytic

31
Q

Glucagon Indications

A

Hypoglycemia when IV is unobtainable, beta blocker overdose, calcium channel blocker overdose.

33
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Interactions

A

Additive anticholinergic effects with other anticholinergic compounds, including antihistamines,TCA’s.

34
Q

Dextrose (D50) dosage

A

Adult: initial dose 25g, slow bolus. Second dose of 25g may be given if needed. Pediatric: 0.5 g/kg given as D50 to children older than infancy, as D25 to infants and as D10 to neonates

36
Q

Nitroglycerine: Class

A

Nitrate

37
Q

Nitroglycerne: Mechanism of action

A

Causes vasodialation that reduces preload, reducing cardiac workload and myocardial oxygen demand. Dialates coronary arteries, resulting in improved perfusion to ischemic myocardium. Relief of ischemia alleviates chest pain.

38
Q

activated charcoal

dosage

A

1 g per kilogram

Activated charcoal comes in bottles of 25 – 50 g in slurry with water or sorbitol.

39
Q

Glucagon supplied

A

Powder form, must be reconstituted

39
Q

Glucagon Class

A

Hormone, antihypoglycemic

40
Q

activated charcoal

side effects

A

abdominal cramping, constipation

41
Q

Glucagon contraindications

A

None in prehospital setting

43
Q

activated charcoal

mechanism of action

A

Adsorbs toxin molecules to the outside surface of charcoal. The combined complex is then excreted from the body.

44
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Side effects

A

Acute psychosis, vasodialation, dehydration, elevated temperature, and mydriasis (pupil dialation). Hint: Mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, red as a beet, dry as a bone, and blind as a bat.

45
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Dosage

A

Bradycardia: 0.5-1mg every 3-5 minutes (max dose is 0.04mg/kg). Poisoning: 1-2mg initially, can be repeated every 5-60 minutes as needed.

46
Q

Dextrose (D50) mechanism of action

A

Increases blood glucose

47
Q

Dextrose (D50) precautions

A

Infiltration causes tissue necrousis Use large bore IV if available. Give thiamine before D50 if patient is suspected to be malnourished e.g. alcoholic, homeless, elderly (protocol dependent)

49
Q

Nitroglycerin: Contraindications

A

Hypotension (generally systolic

50
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Indications

A

Symptomatic bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, nerve agent poisoning. Atropine is considered ineffective for bradycardia associated with high-level AV blocks (2nd degree type II and 3rd degree). In these cases , consider pacing or dopamine first.

51
Q

aspirin

mechanism of action

A

Inhibits the production of certain prostaglandins, which accounts for it’s antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic actions.

Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation for the life of the platelet (7 to 10 days).

52
Q

Nitroglycerin: phamacokineics

A

Onset:1-2 minutes

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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