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Pharmacology > Drug Profiles: Glucagon, Dextrose > Flashcards

Drug Profiles: Glucagon, Dextrose Flashcards

1
Q

Dextrose (D50) interactions

A

None

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2
Q

Glucagon supplied

A

Powder form, must be reconstituted

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3
Q

Dextrose (D50) mechanism of action

A

Increases blood glucose

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3
Q

Dextrose (D50) side effects

A

Nausea if given too rapidly.

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4
Q

Dextrose (D50) contraindications

A

None when used in emergency situations

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4
Q

Dextrose (D50) dosage

A

Adult: initial dose 25g, slow bolus. Second dose of 25g may be given if needed. Pediatric: 0.5 g/kg given as D50 to children older than infancy, as D25 to infants and as D10 to neonates

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6
Q

Glucagon Mechanism of Action

A

Causes a breakdown of glycogen stores in the liver into glucose, raising circulating blood glucose. Glucagon has positive inotronic and chronotropic effects on the heart that are independent of beta-adrenergic receptors which is why it is useful with beta blocker overdose.

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6
Q

Glucagon contraindications

A

None in prehospital setting

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7
Q

Glucagon side effects

A

Nausea/vomiting if given rapid IV

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8
Q

Glucagon Indications

A

Hypoglycemia when IV is unobtainable, beta blocker overdose, calcium channel blocker overdose.

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9
Q

Glucagon Class

A

Hormone, antihypoglycemic

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10
Q

Glucagon pharmacokinetics

A

onset: 5-20 min (IM)

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11
Q

Glucagon dosage

A

Antihypoglycemic: 1mg IM, large doses Beta blocker, calcium channel blocker: 3mg-10mg IV

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12
Q

Glucagon precautions

A

Ineffective with patients who have reduced glycogen stores

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15
Q

Dextrose (D50) class

A

Carbohydrate

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16
Q

Dextrose (D50) precautions

A

Infiltration causes tissue necrousis Use large bore IV if available. Give thiamine before D50 if patient is suspected to be malnourished e.g. alcoholic, homeless, elderly (protocol dependent)

17
Q

Dextrose (D50) pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: immediate if given IV

18
Q

Dextrose (D50) indications

A

Hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, (if given concurently with insulin)

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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