Fall Final Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
Glucagon pharmacokinetics
A
onset: 5-20 min (IM)
1
Q
aspirin
precautions
A
None in prehospital setting.
1
Q
Atropine Sulfate: Indications
A
Symptomatic bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, nerve agent poisoning. Atropine is considered ineffective for bradycardia associated with high-level AV blocks (2nd degree type II and 3rd degree). In these cases , consider pacing or dopamine first.
1
Q
epinephrine: side effects
A
increased myocardial oxygen demand, ischemia, tachydysrhythmias, and anxiety.
1
Q
Lorazepam (Ativan): Contraindications
A
Hypotension, head injury and/or decreased mental status unless being given during RSI
1
Q
lidocaine: interactions
A
Except for V-fib and pulseless V-tach, lidocaine should not be given concurrently with other antidysrhythmics.
2
Q
Glucagon Mechanism of Action
A
Causes a breakdown of glycogen stores in the liver into glucose, raising circulating blood glucose. Glucagon has positive inotronic and chronotropic effects on the heart that are independent of beta-adrenergic receptors which is why it is useful with beta blocker overdose.
2
Q
Naloxone Hydrochloride: Contraindications
A
None
2
Q
Albuterol (Ventolin): Pharmokinetics
A
Onset: Immediate
2
Q
Albuterol (Ventolin): Contraindications
A
None in prehospital setting
3
Q
Lorazepam (Ativan): class
A
benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic
3
Q
amiodarone: how supplied
A
Vial or preload syringe of 150 mg/3 mL.
4
Q
Glucagon supplied
A
Powder form, must be reconstituted
4
Q
dopamine: side effects
A
increased myocardial oxygen demand, ischemia, tachydysrhythmias.
4
Q
Naloxone Hydrochloride: Mechanism of action
A
Competitively displaces opioid analgesics from their receptor sites, reversing their effects. Respiratory depression, sedation, papillary miosis, and euphoric effects will be reversed.
4
Q
diazepam (Valium):pharmacokinetics
A
Onset: 2-4 minutes
Duration: 30-90 minutes
4
Q
Morphine Sulfate: Interactions
A
Potentiates other CNS depressants. Use caution with patients who have been drinking alcohol.
4
Q
Dopamine: how supplied
A
prefilled syringes and ampoules of either 400 or 800 mg. Premix bags with either 400 or 800 mg in 250 to 500 mL. Concentrations of mixtures vary, but most commonly are 1600 mcg/mL
4
Q
Albuterol (Ventolin): Indications
A
Asthma, COPD, wheezing associated with pulmonary edema (cardiac asthma), shortness of breath associated with pneumonia or anaphylaxis. May be used for symptomatic hyperkalemia
4
Q
Albuterol (Ventolin): Side Effects
A
Hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, palpatations
5
Q
amiodarone: mechanism of action
A
Antidisrhythmic blocking sodium, potassium, and calcium channels. It is also a week, noncompetitive, alpha and beta blocking agent. amiodarone depresses automaticity of the sinoatrial node. It slows conduction and decreases refractoriness of the AV node. Amiodarone increases atrial and ventricular refractoriness and prolongs the QT interval.
6
Q
Dopamine: interactions
A
sodium bicarbonate can deactivate catecholamines. MAO inhibitors potentiate the effects of dopamine (Marplan, Eutonyl, Parnate, Nardil)
7
Q
diazepam (Valium): mechanism of action
A
Enhances action of GABA, an inhibitory
neurotransmitter, which inhibits spread of electrical
activity from irritable focus during seizures, calms CNS.
Also a muscle relaxant.
8
Q
Glucagon precautions
A
Ineffective with patients who have reduced glycogen stores
8
Nitroglycerne: Mechanism of action
Causes vasodialation that reduces preload, reducing cardiac workload and myocardial oxygen demand. Dialates coronary arteries, resulting in improved perfusion to ischemic myocardium. Relief of ischemia alleviates chest pain.
8
diazepam (Valium): interactions
Effects are additive when used with other CNS depressants, for example, alcohol
9
activated charcoal
mechanism of action
Adsorbs toxin molecules to the outside surface of charcoal. The combined complex is then excreted from the body.
10
midazolam (Versed): interactions
Effects are additive when used with other CNS depressants, for example, alcohol.
11
Dextrose (D50) side effects
Nausea if given too rapidly.
11
Adenosine (Adenocard): Dosage
6 mg IV bolus followed with 20 mL flush. If no response, repeat in 1-2 minutes with 12 mg followed with 20 mL flush. This dose can be repeated one more time.
12
Dextrose (D50) pharmacokinetics
Onset: immediate if given IV
12
amiodarone: pharmacokinetics
Rapidly absorbed after IV administration. Long duration of action, immediate maintenance drip usually not required (protocol dependent)
13
activated charcoal
dosage
1 g per kilogram
Activated charcoal comes in bottles of 25 – 50 g in slurry with water or sorbitol.
14
Asprin
Classes
platelet inhibitor EMS use,
analgesic,
antipyretic,
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
14
Albuterol (Ventolin): Interactions
Side effects may increase when administered with other sympathomimetics. ß-blockers may blunt effects of albuterol.
15
Naloxone Hydrochloride: Dosage
0.1 - 2 mg(IV, IM, SQ, ETT, nasal), repeated to a max of 8 mg. Naloxone is shorter acting than most opiates, repeated doses may be required.
17
Dextrose (D50) class
Carbohydrate
17
Atropine Sulfate: Mechanism of Action
Atropine is a competitive antagonist for acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors on the target organs of the parasympathetic system (e.g. heart, lungs. salivary glands etc.). In this way, atropine blocks the action of the parasympathetic system.
17
Atropine Sulfate: Side effects
Acute psychosis, vasodialation, dehydration, elevated temperature, and mydriasis (pupil dialation). Hint: Mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, red as a beet, dry as a bone, and blind as a bat.
18
diazepam (Valium): side effects
hypotension, respiratory depression
19
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Class
Anticholinergic bronchodilator, parasympatholytic, anti muscarinic
20
Dextrose (D50) mechanism of action
Increases blood glucose
22
Glucagon: dosage
Antihypoglycemic: 1mg IM, large doses Beta blocker, calcium channel blocker: 3mg-10mg IV
23
dopamine: class
sympathomimetic, vasopressin
24
activated charcoal
contraindications
Altered mental status unless administered by NG tube and airway protected with ET tube.
25
Lorazepam (Ativan): Indications
Major motor seizures, premedication for cardioversion ot TCP, sedation associated with intubation, muscle spasms, acute anxiety, agitation (amphetamine or cocaine OD)
25
Diazapam (Valium): Indications
Major motor seizures, premedication for cardioversion ot TCP, sedation associated with intubation, muscle spasms, acute anxiety, agitation (amphetamine or cocaine OD)
25
amiodarone: side effects
hypotension; bradycardia; prolonged QT interval (may be prodisrhythmic)
27
Midazolam (Versed): Dosage
RSI: 0.1mg/kg IV, Max 10mg
Other sedation, seizure: 2.5mg-10mg IV/IM
27
Morphine Sulfate: Side effects
Respiratory depression, hypotension, decreased mental status, histamine release.
28
Furosemide: Interactions
May increase digitalis toxicity secondary to hypokalemia
29
Atropine Sulfate: Class
Parasympathetic, anticholinergic, antimuscarinic, vagolytic
30
Dextrose (D50) dosage
Adult: initial dose 25g, slow bolus. Second dose of 25g may be given if needed. Pediatric: 0.5 g/kg given as D50 to children older than infancy, as D25 to infants and as D10 to neonates
32
lidocaine: mechanism of action
As an antidisrhythmic, lidocaine suppresses automaticity, excitability, and spontaneous depolarization of the ventricles. As an anesthetic, lidocaine produces local anesthesia by inhibiting transport of ions across neuronal membranes, conduction of normal pulses
33
epinephrine: dosage
Cardiac arrest: 1 mg/3-5 minutes IV (1:10,000)
Bradycardia: 2-10 mcg/minute
Anaphylaxis: 0.3–0.5 mg IM every 5–15 minutes (1:1000), 0.3-0.5 mg 3-5 minutes slow IV (1:10000).
Croup 0.5 mL via nebulizer (2.25% racemic epinephrine added to 3 mL saline)
35
aspirin
side effects
There are few significant side effects to one dose of aspirin.
36
Morphine Sulfate: Dosage
2-5 mg slow IV push, titrated to effect. Max dose usually not to exceed 20 mg without OLMC approval. MS can be given IM.
37
Epinephrine: Class
sympathomimetic
38
lidocaine: contraindications
(viscous form is exempt)
High degree heart blocks (second degree type II or third degree).
Ventricular ectopy in conjunction with hypoxia or bradycardia;
Relative: HR
39
Adenosine (Adenocard): Class
Endogenous chemical; exogenous form is used as antidysrhythmic
40
dopamine: contraindications
pheochromocytoma, uncorrected tachydysrhythmia (except sinus tachycardia).
41
Morphine Sulfate: Notes
Patients with allergy to sulfa are not allergic to MS. Morphine is the standard which all other analgesics are compared. 60 mg oral MS is same as 10 mg IV MS. MS is a schedule II narcotic.
41
lidocaine: dosage
1. pulseless V-tach, V-fib: 1.5 mg/kg IV every 3-5 min, max dose 3mg/kg.
2. V-tach with a pulse: 1.0- 1.5 mg/kg slow IV, may repeat at 1/2 dose in 5-10 min, max dose 3mg/kg. if patient is \>70 years, has hepatic failure, or CHF; decrease second dose to 1/4 of first dose.
3. Post conversion: 1-4 mg/min (this is the drip rate est. after a bolus medication is associated with conversion out of V-tach or V-fib.
4. Intubation: 1mg/kg
42
Nitroglycerin: Indications
Chest pain thought to be cardiac in origin, acute pulmonary edema, may be used in hypertensive crisis.
44
Adenosine (Adenocard): How Supplied
6 mg or 12 mg prefilled syringes
45
Nitroglycerin: Dosage
1 tablet (0.4 mg) given sublingually q 5 minutes. 1 metered dose spray (0.4mg) sublingually q 5 minutes. 1-2" of paste. 5mcg/min IV (titrate to 5mcg/min q 5 minutes untill desired effect is achieved.)
46
lidocaine: indications
Ventricular dysrhythmias: hemodynamically compromising PVCs; stable, unstable V-Tach; and V-Fib. Lidocaine is also used as a premedication rapid sequence intubation, and as a local anesthetic for IVs and suturing. Viscous form is used as a local anesthetic prior to nasal intubation or NG tube placement.
47
Glucagon Indications
Hypoglycemia when IV is unobtainable, beta blocker overdose, calcium channel blocker overdose.
48
aspirin
contraindications
confirmed allergy, active G.I. bleeding, suspected aortic dissection
(Local protocols may permit administration of ASA to patients on anticoagulants, although it is not an actual contraindication since warfarin does not inhibit platelet aggregation).
Children or adolescents with viral infection should not take aspirin (Reye's syndrome).
50
Nitroglycerin: Note
Nitroglycerin paste is not indicated for the treatment of acute chest pain. some protocols will use paste in conjunction with sublingual doses.
51
Naloxone Hydrochloride: Pharmacokinetics
Onset: 1-2 minutes IV, 2-5 minutes IM.
53
diazepam (Valium): class
benzodiazepines, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic
54
Lorazapam (Ativan): pharmacokinetics
Onset: 1-2 min IV; 15 min IM
Duration: 30-60 min IV, IM
55
dopamine: mechanism of action
Dopamine stimulates alpha, beta-1, and dopaminergic receptors. It also acts indirectly by causing release of norepinephrine from storage sites in the sympathetic nerve endings. The effects of dopamine are dose-related. At low doses, beta-1 and dopaminergic receptors are stimulated. At high doses alpha effects predominate.
56
Lorazepam (Ativan): Dosage
0.05mg/kg IV, max is generally 4mg
58
Glucagon contraindications
None in prehospital setting
59
lidocaine: class
antidisrhythmic, anesthetic
60
Albuterol (Ventolin): Class
Sympathomimetic ( ß-2 agonist)
62
Naloxone Hydrochloride: Notes
Larger doses may be required to reverse the effects of synthetic narcotics (propoxyphene, buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, or pentazocine). Not useful in cardiac arrest even if cardiac arrest was a result of respiratory arrest caused by narcotic overdose. Naloxone will not restart an arrested heart.
63
activated charcoal
indications
Selected indications. because activated charcoal will not bind to all substances (for example; not to alcohol or petroleum products), treatment is best dictated by OLMC and/or poison center. Treatment is usually not indicated unless it has been less than two hours since ingestion.
63
Naloxone Hydrochloride: Indications
Symptomatic opiate overdose (respiratory depression), Clonidine overdose.
64
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Mechanism of Action
Ipratropium is a form of atropine given by inhalation. It antagonizes muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the bronchi, producing bronchodilation.
66
Adenosine (Adenocard): Precautions
Transient periods of asystole, sinus bradycardia, and ventricular ectopy are not uncommon after administration
67
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Indications
Asthma and reversible bronchospasm associated with COPD or anaphylaxis.
69
diazepam (Valium): precautions
Cannot be given IM. If possible use large vein and give slowly because of possible venous irritation. Monitor respiratory status
71
Nitroglycerin: Side effects
Hypotension, headache, dizziness, dry mouth.
72
aspirin
indications
Acute chest pain of suspected cardiac origin.
73
Morphine Sulfate: Pharmacokinetics
Onset: IV \< 5 minutes; IM~10 to 30 minutes.
Duration: 4 to 6 hours.
73
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Precautions
Delayed onset of action; not used as a sole bronchodilator in emergent setting
74
epinephrine: mechanism of action
Epinephrine stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Because of these effects the drug causes: peripheral vasoconstriction, increased inotropic, chronotropic, and dromatropic responses; and bronchodilation. Inhibits mast cell degranulation.
75
Midazolam (versed): Contraindications
Hypotension, head injury and/or decreased mental status unless being given during RSI.
77
Glucagon side effects
Nausea/vomiting if given rapid IV
78
Dextrose (D50) contraindications
None when used in emergency situations
80
dopamine: dosage
2-20mcg/kg/minute IV infusion.
Improve cardiac output (beta):5-10 mcg/kg/minute.
Increase peripheral vascular resistance (Alpha): 10-20 mcg/kg/minute.
82
Nitroglycerin: phamacokineics
Onset:1-2 minutes
84
Dopamine: indications
#1 Significantly symptomatic hypotension (most commonly septic or cardiogenic shock). With the possible exception of cardiogenic shock, fluid resuscitation mast be attempted before the administration of dopamine.in the prehospital setting, dopamine is not used for shock in the setting of trauma.
#2 Bradycardia refractory to atropine.
85
Morphine Sulfate: Precautions
Consider calling OLMC in the setting of multi-systems trauma. May cause N&V if given rapidly.
86
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Dosage
Usually administered with a ß-agonist (albuterol). 500mcg nebulized
87
Furosemide: Pharmacokinetics
Onset: Venous dilation- 5 minutes
Diuresis- 5-15 minutes
88
lorazepam (Ativan): mechanism of action
Enhances action of GABA, and inhibitory neurotransmitter, inhibits spread of electrical activity from irritable focus during seizures, calmes CNS. Also a muscle relaxant.
90
Glucagon Class
Hormone, antihypoglycemic
91
amiodarone: dosage
1. Cardiac arrest: 300 mg IV bolus, if needed repeat 150 mg in 3-5 min. If converted, maintenance infusion is 1 mg/min.
2. Tachicardia: infusion of 150 mg over first 10 minutes (15 mg/min). May repeat every 10 minutes as needed.
93
Morphine Sulfate: Mechanism of action
Combines with opioid receptors in the brain. Peripheral vasodialation of the veins and arteries resulting in decreased preload (not usually altering heart rate or blood pressure at usual doses).
93
lidocaine: precautions
use caution in patients with hepatic failure, CHF, age greater than 70 years
94
Albuterol (Ventolin): Precations
Monitor ECG. Treatment with albuterol rarely produces appreciable cardiac or systemic effects
95
Naloxone Hydrochloride: Side effects
Nausea, vomiting (if administered rapidly). Narcotic withdrawal symptoms: dizziness, hypertension, tachycardia, sweating, nervousness, abdominal cramps, headache, weakness, joint and muscle pain, insomnia, and untreated pain.
96
Nitroglycerine: Class
Nitrate
97
lorazepam (Ativan): interactions
Effects are additive when used with other CNS depressants, for example, alcohol
98
midazolam (Versed): side effects
Laryngospasm, bronchospasm, respiratory depression, drowsiness, amnesia, altered mental status
98
Adenosine (Adenocard): Contraindications
Atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation with history WPW
100
Dextrose (D50) indications
Hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, (if given concurently with insulin)
101
midazolam (Versed): pharmacokinetics
Onset: 1-2 min IV; 15 min IM
Duration: 30-60 min IV, IM
102
Atropine Sulfate: Interactions
Additive anticholinergic effects with other anticholinergic compounds, including antihistamines,TCA's.
103
Adenosine (Adenocard): Mechanism of action
Decreases impulse formation in the SA node, conduction through the AV node, and depresses left ventricular function. Thus, it depresses AV node and sinus node activity and interferes with reentrant pathways, as well as accessory bypass tracts, that cause SVT
104
Morphine Sulfate: Class
Narcotic analgesic
105
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent):Contraindications
None
106
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): How Supplied
Unit dose vials (fish) containing 500 mcg (0.02 % inhalation solution) of the drug already diluted in 2.5 mLsaline.
108
Furosemide: Contraindications
Severe volume depletion, anuria unresponsive to a trial dose of furosemide, pregnancy (use only in life threatening situations, may cause fetal abnormalities.
109
Atropine Sulfate: Dosage
Bradycardia: 0.5-1mg every 3-5 minutes (max dose is 0.04mg/kg). Poisoning: 1-2mg initially, can be repeated every 5-60 minutes as needed.
110
epinephrine: pharmacokinetics
onset: IV immediate onset: IM 5 to 10 minutes onset: SQ 6 to 15 minutes
112
midazolam (Versed): class
benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic
113
Naloxone Hydrochloride: Precautions
Can precipitate severe withdrawal symptoms in individuals physically dependent on opioids. Use repeated small doses (0.1-0.2 mg IV) in patients taking chronic narcotics. Consider physical restraints (and your personal safety) prior to, or concurrent with naloxone hydrochloride administration. may precipitate seizures in the neonate.
115
Atropine Sulfate: Supplied
1mg/10ml preloaded syringe.
116
Morphine Sulfate: Indications
Pain, cardiac pain refractory to NTG, burns, acute pulmonary edema.
117
Albuterol (Ventolin): Mechanism of Action
Bronchodilation by stimulating ß-2 receptors of the bronchi. Has minimal ß-1 stimulation. Also stimulates cellular uptake of potassium
118
aspirin
dosage
324 mg
| (four baby chewable aspirin)
119
Adenosine (Adenocard): Side Effects
Apprehension, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain, and facial flushing. Because of short half-life and duration, side effects usually resolve in a few minutes.
120
Furosemide: Dosage
20-80 mg IV/IM (Varies greatly by protocol, generally don't administer an initial dose of more than 20 mg to a patient who does not take furosemide)
121
amiodarone: indications
V-fib, pulseless V-tach, and wide complex regular tachycardia with pulse (this includes VT and WCT of uncertain origin.)
122
activated charcoal
side effects
abdominal cramping, constipation
123
epinephrine: indications
Cardiac arrest: asystole and V-fib/tach without a pulse, PEA.
Bradycardia: (as a drip medicine only).
Anaphylaxis bronchospasm/constriction.
Croup (racemic)
125
aspirin
note
Aspirin given at the onset of an acute MI reduces mortality and is one of the most effective treatments medics can offer. Don't forget to give aspirin to patients with cardiac chest pain!
126
epinephrine: contraindications
none when used in emergency situations, however in patients with a pulse, use caution if they have underlying cardiovascular disease, hypertension, or tachydysrhythmias.
128
Adenosine (Adenocard): Interactions
The effects of adenosine are decreased by theophylline and caffeine (higher doses may be needed). Carbamazepine and dipyridamole (Persantine or Aggrenox) potentiate the effects of adenosine ( use with caution, if at all, consider OLMC consult)
129
Dextrose (D50) interactions
None
130
amiodarone: contraindications
None in prehospital setting.
132
midazolam (Versed): precautions
monitor respiratory status
133
Dopamine: pharmacokinetics
IV drip administration has a rapid onset and will last as long as the drug is being infused.
134
Adenosine (Adenocard): Indications
SVT, including those associated with accessory bypass tracts (WPW, LGL)
136
midazolam (Versed): mechanism of action
Enhances action of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter; inhibits spread of electrical activity from irritable focus during seizures, calms CNS. Also a muscle relaxant.
137
Dopamine: precautions
extravasation will cause tissue necrosis
138
activated charcoal
class
adsorbent
139
Albuterol (Ventolin): Dosage
2.5 mg in 3 mL saline, supplied in plastic "fish" to be administered in med-neb. Dosage intervals vary by protocol, acceptable to administer continuous nebulizer treatments if needed
140
Furosemide: Class
Loop diuretic
142
Furosemide: Precautions
Avoid giving to patients with pneumonia; hypersensitivity to sulfa
143
Morphine Sulfate: Contraindications
Head injury and /or decreased mental status, hypotension, abdominal pain associated with trauma (some EMS systems don't permit use of morphine in undiagnosed abdominal pain of any origin.
144
Atropine Sulfate: Contraindications
None when used in emergency situations.
146
lorazepam (Ativan): side effects
Hypotension, respiratory depression
147
epinephrine: interactions
sodium bicarbonate can deactivate catecholamines. MAO inhibitors potentiate the effects of epinephrine (Marplan, Eutonyl, Parnate, Nardil)
148
Nitroglycerin: Precautions
Check vitals after each administraton, NTG induced hypotension responds well to supine positioning and fluids. It is preferable to establish IV access prior to adminstering NTG. Right-sided MI and use of NTG can result in sever hypotension
149
Dextrose (D50) precautions
Infiltration causes tissue necrousis Use large bore IV if available. Give thiamine before D50 if patient is suspected to be malnourished e.g. alcoholic, homeless, elderly (protocol dependent)
151
Furosemide: Side Effects
Hypotension, potassium depletion, muscle cramps.
152
epinephrine: side effects
increased myocardial oxygen demand, ischemia, tachydysrhythmias, and anxiety.
154
Atropine Sulfate: Precautions
Paradoxical bradycardia can occur after slow administration or with small doses (minimum dose 0.5mg adults. 0.1mg children). Avoid in hypothermic bradycardia.
155
aspirin
pharmacokinetics
Onset: 5– 30 min.
Peak: 15 min.-2 hours
156
Atropine Sulfate: Pharmacokinetics
Onset: immediate
157
Naloxone Hydrochloride: Class
Opiate antagonist
158
aspirin
mechanism of action
Inhibits the production of certain prostaglandins, which accounts for it's antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic actions.
Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation for the life of the platelet (7 to 10 days).
159
Furosemide: Mechanism of action
Blocks reabsorption of Na and Cl in kidney, causing increased diuresis. Venodilator
160
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Side Effects
Palpitations, anxiety, dizziness
161
Diazapam (Valium): Contraindications
Hypotension, head injury and/or decreased mental status unless being given during RSI
162
lidocaine: side effects
Serious adverse reactions are uncommon, high doses can produce bradycardia, hypotension, AV block, and cardiovascular collapse. Signs of toxicity include tinnitus, perioral twitching, slurred speech, altered mental status, and seizures (higher incidence in geriatric patients). Stinging at the administration site when used as local anesthetic
163
Nitroglycerin: Contraindications
BP \<100, viagra type \<24 hours, ciallis type \<48 hours.
164
Naloxone Hydrochloride: Interactions
None
165
Diazapam (Valium): Dosage
5-15 mg IV
166
Furosemide: Indications
Pulmonary edema, hypertensive crisis,
*Hyperkalemia (coontroversial)- Furosemide is sometimes given in the management of hyperkalemia to increase potassium excretion from the body. However many ED physicians discourage prehospital use of furosemide in this way preferring to use resin exchangers and/or dialysis. As always, follow your protocols.*
167
Midazolam (Versed): Indications
Major motor seizures, premedication for cardioversion ot TCP, sedation associated with intubation, muscle spasms, acute anxiety, agitation (amphetamine or cocaine OD)
