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Pharmacology > Fall Final > Flashcards

Fall Final Flashcards

1
Q

Glucagon pharmacokinetics

A

onset: 5-20 min (IM)

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1
Q

aspirin

precautions

A

None in prehospital setting.

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1
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Indications

A

Symptomatic bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, nerve agent poisoning. Atropine is considered ineffective for bradycardia associated with high-level AV blocks (2nd degree type II and 3rd degree). In these cases , consider pacing or dopamine first.

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1
Q

epinephrine: side effects

A

increased myocardial oxygen demand, ischemia, tachydysrhythmias, and anxiety.

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1
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan): Contraindications

A

Hypotension, head injury and/or decreased mental status unless being given during RSI

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1
Q

lidocaine: interactions

A

Except for V-fib and pulseless V-tach, lidocaine should not be given concurrently with other antidysrhythmics.

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2
Q

Glucagon Mechanism of Action

A

Causes a breakdown of glycogen stores in the liver into glucose, raising circulating blood glucose. Glucagon has positive inotronic and chronotropic effects on the heart that are independent of beta-adrenergic receptors which is why it is useful with beta blocker overdose.

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2
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride: Contraindications

A

None

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2
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin): Pharmokinetics

A

Onset: Immediate

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2
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin): Contraindications

A

None in prehospital setting

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3
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan): class

A

benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic

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3
Q

amiodarone: how supplied

A

Vial or preload syringe of 150 mg/3 mL.

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4
Q

Glucagon supplied

A

Powder form, must be reconstituted

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4
Q

dopamine: side effects

A

increased myocardial oxygen demand, ischemia, tachydysrhythmias.

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4
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride: Mechanism of action

A

Competitively displaces opioid analgesics from their receptor sites, reversing their effects. Respiratory depression, sedation, papillary miosis, and euphoric effects will be reversed.

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4
Q

diazepam (Valium):pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: 2-4 minutes
Duration: 30-90 minutes

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4
Q

Morphine Sulfate: Interactions

A

Potentiates other CNS depressants. Use caution with patients who have been drinking alcohol.

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4
Q

Dopamine: how supplied

A

prefilled syringes and ampoules of either 400 or 800 mg. Premix bags with either 400 or 800 mg in 250 to 500 mL. Concentrations of mixtures vary, but most commonly are 1600 mcg/mL

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4
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin): Indications

A

Asthma, COPD, wheezing associated with pulmonary edema (cardiac asthma), shortness of breath associated with pneumonia or anaphylaxis. May be used for symptomatic hyperkalemia

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4
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin): Side Effects

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, palpatations

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5
Q

amiodarone: mechanism of action

A

Antidisrhythmic blocking sodium, potassium, and calcium channels. It is also a week, noncompetitive, alpha and beta blocking agent. amiodarone depresses automaticity of the sinoatrial node. It slows conduction and decreases refractoriness of the AV node. Amiodarone increases atrial and ventricular refractoriness and prolongs the QT interval.

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6
Q

Dopamine: interactions

A

sodium bicarbonate can deactivate catecholamines. MAO inhibitors potentiate the effects of dopamine (Marplan, Eutonyl, Parnate, Nardil)

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7
Q

diazepam (Valium): mechanism of action

A

Enhances action of GABA, an inhibitory
neurotransmitter, which inhibits spread of electrical
activity from irritable focus during seizures, calms CNS.
Also a muscle relaxant.

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8
Q

Glucagon precautions

A

Ineffective with patients who have reduced glycogen stores

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8
Q

Nitroglycerne: Mechanism of action

A

Causes vasodialation that reduces preload, reducing cardiac workload and myocardial oxygen demand. Dialates coronary arteries, resulting in improved perfusion to ischemic myocardium. Relief of ischemia alleviates chest pain.

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8
Q

diazepam (Valium): interactions

A

Effects are additive when used with other CNS depressants, for example, alcohol

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9
Q

activated charcoal

mechanism of action

A

Adsorbs toxin molecules to the outside surface of charcoal. The combined complex is then excreted from the body.

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10
Q

midazolam (Versed): interactions

A

Effects are additive when used with other CNS depressants, for example, alcohol.

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11
Q

Dextrose (D50) side effects

A

Nausea if given too rapidly.

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11
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard): Dosage

A

6 mg IV bolus followed with 20 mL flush. If no response, repeat in 1-2 minutes with 12 mg followed with 20 mL flush. This dose can be repeated one more time.

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12
Q

Dextrose (D50) pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: immediate if given IV

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12
Q

amiodarone: pharmacokinetics

A

Rapidly absorbed after IV administration. Long duration of action, immediate maintenance drip usually not required (protocol dependent)

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13
Q

activated charcoal

dosage

A

1 g per kilogram

Activated charcoal comes in bottles of 25 – 50 g in slurry with water or sorbitol.

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14
Q

Asprin

Classes

A

platelet inhibitor EMS use,

analgesic,

antipyretic,

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory

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14
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin): Interactions

A

Side effects may increase when administered with other sympathomimetics. ß-blockers may blunt effects of albuterol.

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15
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride: Dosage

A

0.1 - 2 mg(IV, IM, SQ, ETT, nasal), repeated to a max of 8 mg. Naloxone is shorter acting than most opiates, repeated doses may be required.

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17
Q

Dextrose (D50) class

A

Carbohydrate

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17
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Mechanism of Action

A

Atropine is a competitive antagonist for acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors on the target organs of the parasympathetic system (e.g. heart, lungs. salivary glands etc.). In this way, atropine blocks the action of the parasympathetic system.

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17
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Side effects

A

Acute psychosis, vasodialation, dehydration, elevated temperature, and mydriasis (pupil dialation). Hint: Mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, red as a beet, dry as a bone, and blind as a bat.

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18
Q

diazepam (Valium): side effects

A

hypotension, respiratory depression

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19
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Class

A

Anticholinergic bronchodilator, parasympatholytic, anti muscarinic

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20
Q

Dextrose (D50) mechanism of action

A

Increases blood glucose

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22
Q

Glucagon: dosage

A

Antihypoglycemic: 1mg IM, large doses Beta blocker, calcium channel blocker: 3mg-10mg IV

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23
Q

dopamine: class

A

sympathomimetic, vasopressin

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24
Q

activated charcoal

contraindications

A

Altered mental status unless administered by NG tube and airway protected with ET tube.

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25
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan): Indications

A

Major motor seizures, premedication for cardioversion ot TCP, sedation associated with intubation, muscle spasms, acute anxiety, agitation (amphetamine or cocaine OD)

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25
Q

Diazapam (Valium): Indications

A

Major motor seizures, premedication for cardioversion ot TCP, sedation associated with intubation, muscle spasms, acute anxiety, agitation (amphetamine or cocaine OD)

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25
Q

amiodarone: side effects

A

hypotension; bradycardia; prolonged QT interval (may be prodisrhythmic)

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27
Q

Midazolam (Versed): Dosage

A

RSI: 0.1mg/kg IV, Max 10mg

Other sedation, seizure: 2.5mg-10mg IV/IM

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27
Q

Morphine Sulfate: Side effects

A

Respiratory depression, hypotension, decreased mental status, histamine release.

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28
Q

Furosemide: Interactions

A

May increase digitalis toxicity secondary to hypokalemia

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29
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Class

A

Parasympathetic, anticholinergic, antimuscarinic, vagolytic

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30
Q

Dextrose (D50) dosage

A

Adult: initial dose 25g, slow bolus. Second dose of 25g may be given if needed. Pediatric: 0.5 g/kg given as D50 to children older than infancy, as D25 to infants and as D10 to neonates

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32
Q

lidocaine: mechanism of action

A

As an antidisrhythmic, lidocaine suppresses automaticity, excitability, and spontaneous depolarization of the ventricles. As an anesthetic, lidocaine produces local anesthesia by inhibiting transport of ions across neuronal membranes, conduction of normal pulses

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33
Q

epinephrine: dosage

A

Cardiac arrest: 1 mg/3-5 minutes IV (1:10,000)

Bradycardia: 2-10 mcg/minute

Anaphylaxis: 0.3–0.5 mg IM every 5–15 minutes (1:1000), 0.3-0.5 mg 3-5 minutes slow IV (1:10000).

Croup 0.5 mL via nebulizer (2.25% racemic epinephrine added to 3 mL saline)

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35
Q

aspirin

side effects

A

There are few significant side effects to one dose of aspirin.

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36
Q

Morphine Sulfate: Dosage

A

2-5 mg slow IV push, titrated to effect. Max dose usually not to exceed 20 mg without OLMC approval. MS can be given IM.

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37
Q

Epinephrine: Class

A

sympathomimetic

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38
Q

lidocaine: contraindications

A

(viscous form is exempt)

High degree heart blocks (second degree type II or third degree).

Ventricular ectopy in conjunction with hypoxia or bradycardia;

Relative: HR

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39
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard): Class

A

Endogenous chemical; exogenous form is used as antidysrhythmic

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40
Q

dopamine: contraindications

A

pheochromocytoma, uncorrected tachydysrhythmia (except sinus tachycardia).

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41
Q

Morphine Sulfate: Notes

A

Patients with allergy to sulfa are not allergic to MS. Morphine is the standard which all other analgesics are compared. 60 mg oral MS is same as 10 mg IV MS. MS is a schedule II narcotic.

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41
Q

lidocaine: dosage

A
  1. pulseless V-tach, V-fib: 1.5 mg/kg IV every 3-5 min, max dose 3mg/kg.
  2. V-tach with a pulse: 1.0- 1.5 mg/kg slow IV, may repeat at 1/2 dose in 5-10 min, max dose 3mg/kg. if patient is >70 years, has hepatic failure, or CHF; decrease second dose to 1/4 of first dose.
  3. Post conversion: 1-4 mg/min (this is the drip rate est. after a bolus medication is associated with conversion out of V-tach or V-fib.
  4. Intubation: 1mg/kg
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42
Q

Nitroglycerin: Indications

A

Chest pain thought to be cardiac in origin, acute pulmonary edema, may be used in hypertensive crisis.

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44
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard): How Supplied

A

6 mg or 12 mg prefilled syringes

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45
Q

Nitroglycerin: Dosage

A

1 tablet (0.4 mg) given sublingually q 5 minutes. 1 metered dose spray (0.4mg) sublingually q 5 minutes. 1-2” of paste. 5mcg/min IV (titrate to 5mcg/min q 5 minutes untill desired effect is achieved.)

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46
Q

lidocaine: indications

A

Ventricular dysrhythmias: hemodynamically compromising PVCs; stable, unstable V-Tach; and V-Fib. Lidocaine is also used as a premedication rapid sequence intubation, and as a local anesthetic for IVs and suturing. Viscous form is used as a local anesthetic prior to nasal intubation or NG tube placement.

47
Q

Glucagon Indications

A

Hypoglycemia when IV is unobtainable, beta blocker overdose, calcium channel blocker overdose.

48
Q

aspirin

contraindications

A

confirmed allergy, active G.I. bleeding, suspected aortic dissection

(Local protocols may permit administration of ASA to patients on anticoagulants, although it is not an actual contraindication since warfarin does not inhibit platelet aggregation).

Children or adolescents with viral infection should not take aspirin (Reye’s syndrome).

50
Q

Nitroglycerin: Note

A

Nitroglycerin paste is not indicated for the treatment of acute chest pain. some protocols will use paste in conjunction with sublingual doses.

51
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride: Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: 1-2 minutes IV, 2-5 minutes IM.

53
Q

diazepam (Valium): class

A

benzodiazepines, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic

54
Q

Lorazapam (Ativan): pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: 1-2 min IV; 15 min IM
Duration: 30-60 min IV, IM

55
Q

dopamine: mechanism of action

A

Dopamine stimulates alpha, beta-1, and dopaminergic receptors. It also acts indirectly by causing release of norepinephrine from storage sites in the sympathetic nerve endings. The effects of dopamine are dose-related. At low doses, beta-1 and dopaminergic receptors are stimulated. At high doses alpha effects predominate.

56
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan): Dosage

A

0.05mg/kg IV, max is generally 4mg

58
Q

Glucagon contraindications

A

None in prehospital setting

59
Q

lidocaine: class

A

antidisrhythmic, anesthetic

60
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin): Class

A

Sympathomimetic ( ß-2 agonist)

62
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride: Notes

A

Larger doses may be required to reverse the effects of synthetic narcotics (propoxyphene, buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, or pentazocine). Not useful in cardiac arrest even if cardiac arrest was a result of respiratory arrest caused by narcotic overdose. Naloxone will not restart an arrested heart.

63
Q

activated charcoal

indications

A

Selected indications. because activated charcoal will not bind to all substances (for example; not to alcohol or petroleum products), treatment is best dictated by OLMC and/or poison center. Treatment is usually not indicated unless it has been less than two hours since ingestion.

63
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride: Indications

A

Symptomatic opiate overdose (respiratory depression), Clonidine overdose.

64
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Mechanism of Action

A

Ipratropium is a form of atropine given by inhalation. It antagonizes muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the bronchi, producing bronchodilation.

66
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard): Precautions

A

Transient periods of asystole, sinus bradycardia, and ventricular ectopy are not uncommon after administration

67
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Indications

A

Asthma and reversible bronchospasm associated with COPD or anaphylaxis.

69
Q

diazepam (Valium): precautions

A

Cannot be given IM. If possible use large vein and give slowly because of possible venous irritation. Monitor respiratory status

71
Q

Nitroglycerin: Side effects

A

Hypotension, headache, dizziness, dry mouth.

72
Q

aspirin

indications

A

Acute chest pain of suspected cardiac origin.

73
Q

Morphine Sulfate: Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: IV < 5 minutes; IM~10 to 30 minutes.

Duration: 4 to 6 hours.

73
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Precautions

A

Delayed onset of action; not used as a sole bronchodilator in emergent setting

74
Q

epinephrine: mechanism of action

A

Epinephrine stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Because of these effects the drug causes: peripheral vasoconstriction, increased inotropic, chronotropic, and dromatropic responses; and bronchodilation. Inhibits mast cell degranulation.

75
Q

Midazolam (versed): Contraindications

A

Hypotension, head injury and/or decreased mental status unless being given during RSI.

77
Q

Glucagon side effects

A

Nausea/vomiting if given rapid IV

78
Q

Dextrose (D50) contraindications

A

None when used in emergency situations

80
Q

dopamine: dosage

A

2-20mcg/kg/minute IV infusion.

Improve cardiac output (beta):5-10 mcg/kg/minute.

Increase peripheral vascular resistance (Alpha): 10-20 mcg/kg/minute.

82
Q

Nitroglycerin: phamacokineics

A

Onset:1-2 minutes

84
Q

Dopamine: indications

A

1 Significantly symptomatic hypotension (most commonly septic or cardiogenic shock). With the possible exception of cardiogenic shock, fluid resuscitation mast be attempted before the administration of dopamine.in the prehospital setting, dopamine is not used for shock in the setting of trauma.

85
Q

Morphine Sulfate: Precautions

A

Consider calling OLMC in the setting of multi-systems trauma. May cause N&V if given rapidly.

86
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Dosage

A

Usually administered with a ß-agonist (albuterol). 500mcg nebulized

87
Q

Furosemide: Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: Venous dilation- 5 minutes

Diuresis- 5-15 minutes

88
Q

lorazepam (Ativan): mechanism of action

A

Enhances action of GABA, and inhibitory neurotransmitter, inhibits spread of electrical activity from irritable focus during seizures, calmes CNS. Also a muscle relaxant.

90
Q

Glucagon Class

A

Hormone, antihypoglycemic

91
Q

amiodarone: dosage

A
  1. Cardiac arrest: 300 mg IV bolus, if needed repeat 150 mg in 3-5 min. If converted, maintenance infusion is 1 mg/min.
  2. Tachicardia: infusion of 150 mg over first 10 minutes (15 mg/min). May repeat every 10 minutes as needed.
93
Q

Morphine Sulfate: Mechanism of action

A

Combines with opioid receptors in the brain. Peripheral vasodialation of the veins and arteries resulting in decreased preload (not usually altering heart rate or blood pressure at usual doses).

93
Q

lidocaine: precautions

A

use caution in patients with hepatic failure, CHF, age greater than 70 years

94
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin): Precations

A

Monitor ECG. Treatment with albuterol rarely produces appreciable cardiac or systemic effects

95
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride: Side effects

A

Nausea, vomiting (if administered rapidly). Narcotic withdrawal symptoms: dizziness, hypertension, tachycardia, sweating, nervousness, abdominal cramps, headache, weakness, joint and muscle pain, insomnia, and untreated pain.

96
Q

Nitroglycerine: Class

A

Nitrate

97
Q

lorazepam (Ativan): interactions

A

Effects are additive when used with other CNS depressants, for example, alcohol

98
Q

midazolam (Versed): side effects

A

Laryngospasm, bronchospasm, respiratory depression, drowsiness, amnesia, altered mental status

98
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard): Contraindications

A

Atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation with history WPW

100
Q

Dextrose (D50) indications

A

Hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, (if given concurently with insulin)

101
Q

midazolam (Versed): pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: 1-2 min IV; 15 min IM
Duration: 30-60 min IV, IM

102
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Interactions

A

Additive anticholinergic effects with other anticholinergic compounds, including antihistamines,TCA’s.

103
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard): Mechanism of action

A

Decreases impulse formation in the SA node, conduction through the AV node, and depresses left ventricular function. Thus, it depresses AV node and sinus node activity and interferes with reentrant pathways, as well as accessory bypass tracts, that cause SVT

104
Q

Morphine Sulfate: Class

A

Narcotic analgesic

105
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent):Contraindications

A

None

106
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): How Supplied

A

Unit dose vials (fish) containing 500 mcg (0.02 % inhalation solution) of the drug already diluted in 2.5 mLsaline.

108
Q

Furosemide: Contraindications

A

Severe volume depletion, anuria unresponsive to a trial dose of furosemide, pregnancy (use only in life threatening situations, may cause fetal abnormalities.

109
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Dosage

A

Bradycardia: 0.5-1mg every 3-5 minutes (max dose is 0.04mg/kg). Poisoning: 1-2mg initially, can be repeated every 5-60 minutes as needed.

110
Q

epinephrine: pharmacokinetics

A

onset: IV immediate onset: IM 5 to 10 minutes onset: SQ 6 to 15 minutes

112
Q

midazolam (Versed): class

A

benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic

113
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride: Precautions

A

Can precipitate severe withdrawal symptoms in individuals physically dependent on opioids. Use repeated small doses (0.1-0.2 mg IV) in patients taking chronic narcotics. Consider physical restraints (and your personal safety) prior to, or concurrent with naloxone hydrochloride administration. may precipitate seizures in the neonate.

115
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Supplied

A

1mg/10ml preloaded syringe.

116
Q

Morphine Sulfate: Indications

A

Pain, cardiac pain refractory to NTG, burns, acute pulmonary edema.

117
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin): Mechanism of Action

A

Bronchodilation by stimulating ß-2 receptors of the bronchi. Has minimal ß-1 stimulation. Also stimulates cellular uptake of potassium

118
Q

aspirin

dosage

A

324 mg

(four baby chewable aspirin)

119
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard): Side Effects

A

Apprehension, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain, and facial flushing. Because of short half-life and duration, side effects usually resolve in a few minutes.

120
Q

Furosemide: Dosage

A

20-80 mg IV/IM (Varies greatly by protocol, generally don’t administer an initial dose of more than 20 mg to a patient who does not take furosemide)

121
Q

amiodarone: indications

A

V-fib, pulseless V-tach, and wide complex regular tachycardia with pulse (this includes VT and WCT of uncertain origin.)

122
Q

activated charcoal

side effects

A

abdominal cramping, constipation

123
Q

epinephrine: indications

A

Cardiac arrest: asystole and V-fib/tach without a pulse, PEA.

Bradycardia: (as a drip medicine only).

Anaphylaxis bronchospasm/constriction.

Croup (racemic)

125
Q

aspirin

note

A

Aspirin given at the onset of an acute MI reduces mortality and is one of the most effective treatments medics can offer. Don’t forget to give aspirin to patients with cardiac chest pain!

126
Q

epinephrine: contraindications

A

none when used in emergency situations, however in patients with a pulse, use caution if they have underlying cardiovascular disease, hypertension, or tachydysrhythmias.

128
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard): Interactions

A

The effects of adenosine are decreased by theophylline and caffeine (higher doses may be needed). Carbamazepine and dipyridamole (Persantine or Aggrenox) potentiate the effects of adenosine ( use with caution, if at all, consider OLMC consult)

129
Q

Dextrose (D50) interactions

A

None

130
Q

amiodarone: contraindications

A

None in prehospital setting.

132
Q

midazolam (Versed): precautions

A

monitor respiratory status

133
Q

Dopamine: pharmacokinetics

A

IV drip administration has a rapid onset and will last as long as the drug is being infused.

134
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard): Indications

A

SVT, including those associated with accessory bypass tracts (WPW, LGL)

136
Q

midazolam (Versed): mechanism of action

A

Enhances action of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter; inhibits spread of electrical activity from irritable focus during seizures, calms CNS. Also a muscle relaxant.

137
Q

Dopamine: precautions

A

extravasation will cause tissue necrosis

138
Q

activated charcoal

class

A

adsorbent

139
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin): Dosage

A

2.5 mg in 3 mL saline, supplied in plastic “fish” to be administered in med-neb. Dosage intervals vary by protocol, acceptable to administer continuous nebulizer treatments if needed

140
Q

Furosemide: Class

A

Loop diuretic

142
Q

Furosemide: Precautions

A

Avoid giving to patients with pneumonia; hypersensitivity to sulfa

143
Q

Morphine Sulfate: Contraindications

A

Head injury and /or decreased mental status, hypotension, abdominal pain associated with trauma (some EMS systems don’t permit use of morphine in undiagnosed abdominal pain of any origin.

144
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Contraindications

A

None when used in emergency situations.

146
Q

lorazepam (Ativan): side effects

A

Hypotension, respiratory depression

147
Q

epinephrine: interactions

A

sodium bicarbonate can deactivate catecholamines. MAO inhibitors potentiate the effects of epinephrine (Marplan, Eutonyl, Parnate, Nardil)

148
Q

Nitroglycerin: Precautions

A

Check vitals after each administraton, NTG induced hypotension responds well to supine positioning and fluids. It is preferable to establish IV access prior to adminstering NTG. Right-sided MI and use of NTG can result in sever hypotension

149
Q

Dextrose (D50) precautions

A

Infiltration causes tissue necrousis Use large bore IV if available. Give thiamine before D50 if patient is suspected to be malnourished e.g. alcoholic, homeless, elderly (protocol dependent)

151
Q

Furosemide: Side Effects

A

Hypotension, potassium depletion, muscle cramps.

152
Q

epinephrine: side effects

A

increased myocardial oxygen demand, ischemia, tachydysrhythmias, and anxiety.

154
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Precautions

A

Paradoxical bradycardia can occur after slow administration or with small doses (minimum dose 0.5mg adults. 0.1mg children). Avoid in hypothermic bradycardia.

155
Q

aspirin

pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: 5– 30 min.

Peak: 15 min.-2 hours

156
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: immediate

157
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride: Class

A

Opiate antagonist

158
Q

aspirin

mechanism of action

A

Inhibits the production of certain prostaglandins, which accounts for it’s antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic actions.

Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation for the life of the platelet (7 to 10 days).

159
Q

Furosemide: Mechanism of action

A

Blocks reabsorption of Na and Cl in kidney, causing increased diuresis. Venodilator

160
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent): Side Effects

A

Palpitations, anxiety, dizziness

161
Q

Diazapam (Valium): Contraindications

A

Hypotension, head injury and/or decreased mental status unless being given during RSI

162
Q

lidocaine: side effects

A

Serious adverse reactions are uncommon, high doses can produce bradycardia, hypotension, AV block, and cardiovascular collapse. Signs of toxicity include tinnitus, perioral twitching, slurred speech, altered mental status, and seizures (higher incidence in geriatric patients). Stinging at the administration site when used as local anesthetic

163
Q

Nitroglycerin: Contraindications

A

BP <100, viagra type <24 hours, ciallis type <48 hours.

164
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride: Interactions

A

None

165
Q

Diazapam (Valium): Dosage

A

5-15 mg IV

166
Q

Furosemide: Indications

A

Pulmonary edema, hypertensive crisis,

Hyperkalemia (coontroversial)- Furosemide is sometimes given in the management of hyperkalemia to increase potassium excretion from the body. However many ED physicians discourage prehospital use of furosemide in this way preferring to use resin exchangers and/or dialysis. As always, follow your protocols.

167
Q

Midazolam (Versed): Indications

A

Major motor seizures, premedication for cardioversion ot TCP, sedation associated with intubation, muscle spasms, acute anxiety, agitation (amphetamine or cocaine OD)

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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