Quiz 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
Physiology
Histology
A- study of structures of the body in which substances are made up of (can be seen with the naked eye)
P- study of the functions of the body structures (physical and chemical)
H- the study micro structures found in living tissues
Homeostasis and examples
the state of chemical balance or equilibrium maintained by living systems
ex: ph balance, electrolytes, blood pressure, blood sugar via insulin, body temp, fluid balance (water intake)
Cell
Mitosis
C- the basic function unit of all body structures
M- cell division
Permeable
Semi/Selectively Permeable
P- a membrane allows liquids (water), nutrients or gas (oxygen) to pass through it
SP- allows some substances to enter/exit through the membrane depending on the type of cell and its location
Osteology
the study of bones
what are the three types of bones and how many bones does the human body have
Long
Flat
Irregular
206
what is the fractions of mineral and organic matter that bones contain
Minerals- 2/3
Organic matter - 1/3
OSSIFICATION
hardening of cartilage into bone, occurs when bone grows or repairs
6 functions of bones
- structural support, shape and strength
- protect internal organs
- Provide framework for muscles to attach
- allows movement of the body
- produces red and white blood cells (bone marrow)
- Stores calcium
what is the only unarticulated (not connected with another bone) bone in the body
hyoid bone (in throat, helps with swallowing and speech)
Cartilage
Ligaments
connective tissue between the joints , provides support, protection, cushioning
link bones to other bones
synovial fluid
slippery, fills the joint and offers lubrication and protection as well as nutrients
BONES OF THE HAND Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cant Handle
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapzium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
Osteoporosis
disease where bone becomes porous and loses density due to decrease in estrogen
Lordosis
Kyphosis
Scoliosis
lower spine curved inward
upper spine curved outward (hunch)
Spine curved left or right in an S
Rheumatiod Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
RA- immune disorder, attacks body own connective tissue, swelling in joints
OA- the cartilage between joints gradually worn and broken down
Metabolism
Catabolism
Anabolism
M- all chemical reactions maintaining living cells and the organism
C- breaking down molecules to release energy
e. Converting food into energy
A- Synthesizing molecule compounds that the body requires
e. making proteins from amino acids
The 10 body systems
Circulatory Skeletal Muscular Excretory Endocrine Reproductive Respiratory Integumentary Digestive Nervous
Directional terms:
Superior
Inferior
Anterior
Posterior
S- vertical upwards
I- Vertical Downwards
A- towards the front of body
P- toward the back of the body
Directional Terms:
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
M- mid line of body
L- further away from midline
P- towards body attachment
Distal- away from body attachment
Directional Terms:
Superficial/exterior
Deep/interior
S/E- closer to the surface of the body
D/I- closer to the inside of the body
Movement Terms:
Flexion
Extension
F- decreases angle between two structures
E- increases angle between two structures
Movement Terms:
Abduction
Adduction
AB- moving a body part away from midline
AD- moving a body part towards the midline
Movement Terms:
Supination
Pronation
S- palm of hands faces up (how you hold a bowl of soup) and soles of foot inwards
P- palm of hands down and soles of feet outwards
