digestive system

Question 1

main parts of ds

accessory organs of digestion

Answer 1

GI tract (all structures from mouth to anus)

• stomach
• small and large intestines
• tongue
• salivary glands
• pancreas
• liver
• gallblader

Question 2

how long does digestion take

Answer 2

24-72 hours

Question 3

phases of digestion

Answer 3

cephalic- secretions due to senses of food, mastication, mouth, pharynx, esophagus,

Gastric phase- stomach, acid secreted for breakdown

intestinal- small, then large intestine

Question 4

how much food can the stomach hold

Answer 4

• muscular hollow organ
• holds 1L of food
• secrets enzymes and gastric acid HCl
• partially digested food passes to small intestines

Question 5

smalll intestine

Answer 5

Approximately 20 feet in length
3 Parts
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Primary function is to absorb nutrients and minerals from food
Projections called villi – helps with digestion, increases surface area for better absorption (like microfibre clothes)

Question 6

Peristalsis

Answer 6

Process by which food moves through the intestines (macros)

Wave like movements- contractions

Question 7

large intestine

Answer 7

Aka: Colon
5 feet long
5 parts
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Anus
Peristalsis
Main function to the absorption of remaining water and salts
Remaining material is stored and removed as feces through the  rectum

Question 8

Tongue

Answer 8

Made of muscle
Manipulates food for chewing and helps break food down into smaller pieces
Easier to digest
Top surface is covered in taste buds and highly innervated
Allows speech

Question 9

Salivary Glands

Answer 9

Paired glands on both sides of the face
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Secrete saliva through a series of ducts into the mouth
0.5-1.5L per day

Question 10

Pancreas

Answer 10

Located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach
Secretes digestive juices and enzymes to help break down food
Important in the regulation of sugar
Diabetes
Type 1: insulin cells attacked
Type 2: impaired insulin secretion

Question 11

Liver and Gallbladder

Answer 11

Liver
Located on right upper abdomen, deep to the lower ribs
Can grow back
Produces chemicals that aid in digestions
Bile
Helps breakdown fats
Gallbladder
Located under the liver
Stores bile to be released into small intestine