Muscular System

Question 1

Myology

Answer 1

The study of structure, functions, and diseases of muscles

Question 2

the functions of the muscular system are

Answer 2

1. movement
2. attachment
3. protection
4. shape

Question 3

3 types of muscle

Answer 3

1. Voluntary/ Striated muscles
   - all muscles that create movement
   - we can think to control them
   - rough tissue
2. Involuntary/ Smooth muscles
   - the muscles that make up organs
   - we can not control
3. Cardiac Muscle
   - muscle that makes up the heart, unique to all other muscle in the body

Question 4

Vocab

Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
Levator
Depressor
Dialator

Answer 4

Anterior = in front
Posterior = behind or back
Superior = above or larger than
Inferior = below  or smaller than
Levator = lifts up
Depressor = draws down or depresses
Dilator = opens, enlarges or expands

Question 5

3 Parts of a Muscle

Answer 5

ORIGIN
The fixed end of the muscle; attached to bone (proximal portion of the muscle)

BELLY
The middle of the muscle, the muscle body

INSERTION
The end of the muscle attached to the part that moves (distal portion of the muscle)

Question 6

Muscle Actions

Elevator
Depressor
Adductor 
Abductor 
Flexor
Extensor

Answer 6

Elevator = elevation
Depressor = depression
Adductor = moves towards from the midline
Abductor = moves away from the midline
Flexor = flexes
Extensor = extends

Question 7

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscles

Answer 7

• muscles move and lengthen
• muscles work in pairs
• muscles can pull but cannot push
• there is a Agonist and a Antagonist: Agonist muscles do the movement, Antagonist muscles relax
  ex: biceps and triceps

Question 8

Tendons vs Ligaments

Answer 8

Tendons

• tie muscle to bone
• ex; achiles heels

Ligaments
-link bones to bones
ex; ACL

Question 9

Methods of Muscle Stimulation

Answer 9

Massage
Electric Current
Light
Heat
Moist Heat
Nerve Impulses
Chemicals

Question 10

Epicranus

Answer 10

Scalp Muscle

-ocipito-frontalis

Question 11

Frontalis
Origin
Insertion
Action

Answer 11

O- Epicranial aponeurosis

I- skin over forehead

A- elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of the forehead

Question 12

Occipitalis
Origin
Insertion
Action

Answer 12

O- Occipital and temporal bones

I- Epicranial aponeurosis

A- pulls the scalp back

Question 13

Ear Muscles

Answer 13

Auricularis Anterior

Auricularis Superior

Auricularis Posterior

Question 14

Currogator

Procerus

Answer 14

Corrugator : Under the eyebrows, controls eyebrows drawing them in and down

Procerus : Located between the eyebrows across the bridge of the nose, draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the bridge of the nose,
More medial

Question 15

Levator Palpebrae Superioris and

Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 15

Levator Palpebrae Superioris :
Located on top of the eyelids, raises the eyelids
Agonist

Orbicularis Oculi
Circles the eye socket, closes the eyelid
Antagonist

Question 16

Nasalis

Answer 16

located on the sides of the nose, dilates/flares nostrils

Question 17

Mouth Muscles:

Orbicularis Oris
Levator Labii Superiorus
Quadratus Labii Inferiorus

Answer 17

Orbicularis Oris:
Circles the mouth, puckers the lips

Levator Labii Superiorus
4 parts, above upper lip, pulls nostrils and upper lip up
Distaste

Quadratus labii inferioris
On each side, below lower lip, pulls lower lip down or to the side
Sarcasm

Question 18

Mouth Muscles:

Triangularis (Depressor Anguli Oris)
Mentalis
Risorius

Answer 18

Triangularis (Depressor Anguli Oris)
Below the corners of the mouth, draws corners down
Frowning

Mentalis
At the tip of the chin, pushes lower lip up, wrinkles the chin
Doubt

Risorius
At the corner of the mouth, draws the mouth up and out
Grinning

Question 19

Mouth Muscles:

Zygomaticus Major and
Zygomaticus Minor

Buccinator

Answer 19

Zygomaticus Major and
Zygomaticus Minor
Outside corners of mouth to cheekbone, draws mouth up and back
Laughing

Buccinator
Between the jaws and cheek, compresses cheek to release air
Blowing

Question 20

Temporalis

Masseter

Answer 20

Temporalis
Above and in front of the ear, over the temporal bone
Closes the jaw
Chewing

Masseter
Covers the hinge of the jaw (TMJ disorder)
Closes the jaw
Chewing

Question 21

Platysma

Answer 21

Platysma
Flat superficial muscle covering the anterior neck
Depresses the lower jaw

Question 22

SCM

Answer 22

Sternocleidomastoid

From the mastoid process of the temporal bone to the clavicle (near the sternum) and the sternum (manubrium); moves head side to side and nods

Question 23

Trapezius

Answer 23

Broad muscle of the upper back; occipital bone, C7 and thoracic vertebra - clavicle and scapula; rotates shoulder blades and assists with swinging arms, lifts shoulders

Question 24

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 24

Broad muscle of the middle back, thoracic vertebra - humerus; extends and internally rotates the arm

Question 25

Pectoralis Major | Pectoralis Minor

Answer 25

Cross the front of the chest (pecs) Flexes, adducts, and internally rotates humerus Deep to pec major Attaches from the coracoid process of the scapula to the upper ribs (3-5) Protracts the shoulder

Question 26

Serratus Anterior

Answer 26

Under arm along chest Looks like strips “serrated” Protracts the shoulder (boxing) and with breathing expands the ribs

Question 27

Biceps Brachii | 2 heads of biceps

Answer 27

Front of upper arm, bends the elbow, turns palm upwards (supination) and flexes the shoulder ``` Coracoid process (short head) Supraglenoid tubercle (long head) ```

Question 28

Triceps Brachii

Answer 28

On the back of the arm, had three heads (tri) Common insertion on the Olecranon process of Ulna Extends Humerus and Ulna

Question 29

Deltoid

Answer 29

Covers shoulder, lifts and turns arm Abducts humerus

Question 30

Carpel Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 30

carpal tunnel is formed between the flexor retinaculum (ligament) and the carpal bones of the wrist. Inflamation of flexor tendons and the median nerve Treatment: carpal ligament released with an incision

Question 31

``` Muscles of the Hand: Fascia Adductors Abductors Oppenens ```

Answer 31

Fascia: fibrous membrane covering and attaching muscles Like plastic wrap over muscles Adductors: move fingers together (add) Abductors: move fingers apart, separate them Opponens: move thumb and little finger towards palm and fingers… opposable thumb

Question 32

Quadripceps | group of 4 muscles

Answer 32

Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis Rectus Femoris

Question 33

Tensor fascia lata

Answer 33

hip flexor, attaches to pelvis

Question 34

Hamstrings | group of 3 muscles

Answer 34

``` Biceps femoris 2 heads – short and long O: Ischium and femur I: Fibula Semitendinosus O: Ischium I: Tibia Semimembranosus O: Ischium I: Tibia ``` flex the knee and extend hip

Question 35

gluteal muscles

Answer 35

``` Gluteus Maximus Hip Extension Gluteus Medius Abduction Gluteus Minimus Abduction ``` Piriformis Abduction O: Sacrum I: Femur ``` Can be involved in sciatica symptoms Piriformis syndrome (dancers hip) ```

Question 36

Piriformis syndrome

Answer 36

Piriformis compresses and irritates the sciatic nerve

Question 37

lower leg muscles

Answer 37

Gastrocnemius Plantar flexion (standing on toes) Forms Achilles tendon with soleus and plantaris Agonist Tibialis Anterior Dorsiflexion (standing on heels) and inversion Shin splints Antagonist

Question 38

Plantar Fascia and | Plantar Fasciitis

Answer 38

Runs from the calcaneus (heel bone) to heads of metatarsals -irritation of the plantar fascia at the medial heel