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Anatomy > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Myology

A

The study of structure, functions, and diseases of muscles

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2
Q

the functions of the muscular system are

A
  1. movement
  2. attachment
  3. protection
  4. shape
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3
Q

3 types of muscle

A
  1. Voluntary/ Striated muscles
    - all muscles that create movement
    - we can think to control them
    - rough tissue
  2. Involuntary/ Smooth muscles
    - the muscles that make up organs
    - we can not control
  3. Cardiac Muscle
    - muscle that makes up the heart, unique to all other muscle in the body
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4
Q

Vocab

Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
Levator
Depressor
Dialator
A 
Anterior = in front
Posterior = behind or back
Superior = above or larger than
Inferior = below  or smaller than
Levator = lifts up
Depressor = draws down or depresses
Dilator = opens, enlarges or expands
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5
Q

3 Parts of a Muscle

A

ORIGIN
The fixed end of the muscle; attached to bone (proximal portion of the muscle)

BELLY
The middle of the muscle, the muscle body

INSERTION
The end of the muscle attached to the part that moves (distal portion of the muscle)

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6
Q

Muscle Actions

Elevator
Depressor
Adductor 
Abductor 
Flexor
Extensor
A 
Elevator = elevation
Depressor = depression
Adductor = moves towards from the midline
Abductor = moves away from the midline
Flexor = flexes
Extensor = extends
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7
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscles

A
  • muscles move and lengthen
  • muscles work in pairs
  • muscles can pull but cannot push
  • there is a Agonist and a Antagonist: Agonist muscles do the movement, Antagonist muscles relax
    ex: biceps and triceps
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8
Q

Tendons vs Ligaments

A

Tendons

  • tie muscle to bone
  • ex; achiles heels

Ligaments
-link bones to bones
ex; ACL

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9
Q

Methods of Muscle Stimulation

A 
Massage
Electric Current
Light
Heat
Moist Heat
Nerve Impulses
Chemicals
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10
Q

Epicranus

A

Scalp Muscle

-ocipito-frontalis

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11
Q

Frontalis
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

O- Epicranial aponeurosis

I- skin over forehead

A- elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of the forehead

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12
Q

Occipitalis
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

O- Occipital and temporal bones

I- Epicranial aponeurosis

A- pulls the scalp back

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13
Q

Ear Muscles

A

Auricularis Anterior

Auricularis Superior

Auricularis Posterior

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14
Q

Currogator

Procerus

A

Corrugator : Under the eyebrows, controls eyebrows drawing them in and down

Procerus : Located between the eyebrows across the bridge of the nose, draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the bridge of the nose,
More medial

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15
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris and

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris :
Located on top of the eyelids, raises the eyelids
Agonist

Orbicularis Oculi
Circles the eye socket, closes the eyelid
Antagonist

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16
Q

Nasalis

A

located on the sides of the nose, dilates/flares nostrils

17
Q

Mouth Muscles:

Orbicularis Oris
Levator Labii Superiorus
Quadratus Labii Inferiorus

A

Orbicularis Oris:
Circles the mouth, puckers the lips

Levator Labii Superiorus
4 parts, above upper lip, pulls nostrils and upper lip up
Distaste

Quadratus labii inferioris
On each side, below lower lip, pulls lower lip down or to the side
Sarcasm

18
Q

Mouth Muscles:

Triangularis (Depressor Anguli Oris)
Mentalis
Risorius

A

Triangularis (Depressor Anguli Oris)
Below the corners of the mouth, draws corners down
Frowning

Mentalis
At the tip of the chin, pushes lower lip up, wrinkles the chin
Doubt

Risorius
At the corner of the mouth, draws the mouth up and out
Grinning

19
Q

Mouth Muscles:

Zygomaticus Major and
Zygomaticus Minor

Buccinator

A

Zygomaticus Major and
Zygomaticus Minor
Outside corners of mouth to cheekbone, draws mouth up and back
Laughing

Buccinator
Between the jaws and cheek, compresses cheek to release air
Blowing

20
Q

Temporalis

Masseter

A

Temporalis
Above and in front of the ear, over the temporal bone
Closes the jaw
Chewing

Masseter
Covers the hinge of the jaw (TMJ disorder)
Closes the jaw
Chewing

21
Q

Platysma

A

Platysma
Flat superficial muscle covering the anterior neck
Depresses the lower jaw

22
Q

SCM

A

Sternocleidomastoid

From the mastoid process of the temporal bone to the clavicle (near the sternum) and the sternum (manubrium); moves head side to side and nods

23
Q

Trapezius

A

Broad muscle of the upper back; occipital bone, C7 and thoracic vertebra - clavicle and scapula; rotates shoulder blades and assists with swinging arms, lifts shoulders

24
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Broad muscle of the middle back, thoracic vertebra - humerus; extends and internally rotates the arm

25
Q

Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Minor

A

Cross the front of the chest (pecs)
Flexes, adducts, and internally rotates humerus

Deep to pec major
Attaches from the coracoid process of the scapula to the upper ribs (3-5)
Protracts the shoulder

26
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Under arm along chest
Looks like strips “serrated”
Protracts the shoulder (boxing) and with breathing expands the ribs

27
Q

Biceps Brachii

2 heads of biceps

A

Front of upper arm, bends the elbow, turns palm upwards (supination) and flexes the shoulder

Coracoid process (short head)
Supraglenoid tubercle (long head)
28
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

On the back of the arm, had three heads (tri)
Common insertion on the Olecranon process of Ulna
Extends Humerus and Ulna

29
Q

Deltoid

A

Covers shoulder, lifts and turns arm

Abducts humerus

30
Q

Carpel Tunnel Syndrome

A

carpal tunnel is
formed between the
flexor retinaculum (ligament)
and the carpal bones of the wrist.

Inflamation of flexor tendons and the median nerve

Treatment: carpal ligament released with an incision

31
Q 
Muscles of the Hand:
Fascia
Adductors
Abductors
Oppenens
A

Fascia: fibrous membrane covering and attaching muscles
Like plastic wrap over muscles

Adductors: move fingers together (add)
Abductors: move fingers apart, separate them
Opponens: move thumb and little finger towards palm and fingers… opposable thumb

32
Q

Quadripceps

group of 4 muscles

A

Vastus medialis

Vastus intermedius

Vastus lateralis

Rectus Femoris

33
Q

Tensor fascia lata

A

hip flexor, attaches to pelvis

34
Q

Hamstrings

group of 3 muscles

A 
Biceps femoris
2 heads – short and long 
O: Ischium and femur
I: Fibula
Semitendinosus
O: Ischium
I: Tibia
Semimembranosus
O: Ischium
I: Tibia

flex the knee and extend hip

35
Q

gluteal muscles

A 
Gluteus Maximus
 Hip Extension
Gluteus Medius
 Abduction
Gluteus Minimus
 Abduction

Piriformis
Abduction
O: Sacrum
I: Femur

Can be involved in sciatica symptoms
 Piriformis syndrome (dancers hip)
36
Q

Piriformis syndrome

A

Piriformis compresses and irritates the sciatic nerve

37
Q

lower leg muscles

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantar flexion (standing on toes)
Forms Achilles tendon with soleus and plantaris
Agonist

Tibialis Anterior
Dorsiflexion (standing on heels) and inversion
Shin splints
Antagonist

38
Q

Plantar Fascia and

Plantar Fasciitis

A

Runs from the calcaneus (heel bone) to heads of metatarsals

-irritation of the plantar fascia at the medial heel

Anatomy (11 decks)

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