Cardiovascular System

Question 1

4 main parts of the cv system

Answer 1

• heart
• arteries
• veins
• capillaries

Question 2

what is the purpose of the cv system

Answer 2

permits blood to circulate and transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to and from the cells of the body

Question 3

Two systems ensure constant and continuous circulation

Answer 3

1) Pulmonary Circulation
- heart to lungs to be oxygenated

2) Systemic Circulation
     - oxygenated blood from heart to 
	   body and back to heart

Question 4

functions of the cv system

Answer 4

• Carries food, oxygen and other substances to the cells
• Removes waste products from the cells
• Helps regulate body temperature
• Produces and carries cells that defend the body from infection

Question 5

where is the heart located

names of 4 chambers

Answer 5

Located in the thoracic cavity, slightly to the left

Has 4 chambers (rooms)
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left  atrium 
Left  ventricle

Question 6

Pericardium

Answer 6

Membrane surrounding

the heart

Question 7

what is normal heart beat

what nerve regulates heart beat

Answer 7

60-100 beats per minute

The vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)

Question 8

what is blood composed of

Answer 8

Plasma = the fluid/watery part of blood
About 90% water

Three types of blood cells
Red (RBC)
White (WBC)
Platelets (clotting)

Question 9

Red Blood cells

Answer 9

AKA: Erythrocytes
Red colour comes from oxygenated hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is a protein that picks up O2 & carries it to the cells
Produced in bone marrow

Fun fact: We have about 20-30 trillion RBCs in our body
2 million die and are made per second

Question 10

White blood cells

Answer 10

AKA: Leukocytes.
Are colour-less
Help protect from infection by fighting bacteria, viruses and foreign substances
WBC count increased with infection
Produced by bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus

Pus is accumulation of dead WBCs and bacteria

Question 11

Platelets

Answer 11

AKA: Thrombocytes.

Purpose?
Required for blood clotting
Stick together to begin the process of clotting and coagulation

Produced in bone marrow

Question 12

what do arteries do

Aorta

Answer 12

Carry blood away from the heart

Aorta is the largest artery, receives blood directly from the left ventricle

Aorta branches into other arteries that carry blood to all parts of the body

Question 13

Veins

Answer 13

Return blood to the heart

Venous blood is dark red, carries little O2 and lots of CO2

Contain valves to prevent backflow

Two main veins are the inferior and
Superior vena cava
Empty into the right atrium

Question 14

Capillaries

Answer 14

Tiny one cell thick blood vessels so substances can pass to and from body tissues/ cells into bloodstream

Question 15

What substances would need to pass to and from the blood to the body tissues?

Answer 15

oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients like glucose, sodium, waste products like urea

Question 16

Heart Septum

Answer 16

The wall of the heart separating the left and right sides

Question 17

what prevents back flow of blood in the heart

Answer 17

Valves between atria and ventricles

Question 18

Parts of heart in order of blood flow

Answer 18

1. Superior Vena Cava or Inferior Vena Cava
2. Right Atrium
3. Tricuspid valve
4. Right Ventricle
5. Pulmonary Artery (goes to lungs to pick up o2)
6. Pulmonary Veins (bring o2 blood back)
7. Left Atrium
8. Mitral Valve
9. Left Ventricle
10. Aorta

Question 19

Lymph Vascular System

what is lymph, made by what

where is extra fluid absorbed

functions of lymph

what are lymph nodes

Answer 19

Lymphatic system

Lymph is a colourless liquid produced as a by-product of the blood system (by product of plasma)

Extra fluid is absorbed by lymph vessels and returned to the blood stream via the superior vena cava

Passes nourishment to the capillaries and cells

• Lymph filters the blood,Contains WBC (lymphocytes)
• Lymph nodes are throughout the body, small filters.

Question 20

Aorta blood flow

Answer 20

Arches off the heart from the left ventricle

Supplies the entire body with arterial/oxygenated blood

Gives rise to the subclavian arteries which supply the upper extremities

Descends through the chest and abdomen to supply the torso and lower body

Divides into the common iliac arteries to supply both legs

Question 21

Cardiovascular Disease
Heart Attack signs and symptoms

*Heart attack vs Cardiac arrest

Answer 21

Shortness of breath
Pain in the chest or arms
Dizziness
Sweating
Heaviness/pressure/pain in chest

Heart attack is when blood flow to the heart is blocked
Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops beating

Question 22

Cardiovascular Disease
Stroke

2 types

mini stroke

Answer 22

Poor blood flow to the brain results in death of brain cells due to no oxygen

2 main types of stroke:

Ischemic
- Blockage (~ 90% of strokes)

Hemorrhagic
Bleeding in the brain – aneurysm

“Mini-stroke” = TIA (Transient ischemic attack)

Question 23

Signs of Stroke FAST

Answer 23

F – Face
Is it drooping ?
A – Arms
Can you raise both?
S – Speech
Is it slurred or jumbled?
T – Time
Time to call 911

Question 24

Cardiovascular Disease

Anemia

Answer 24

Decreased RBCs or hemoglobin

Iron deficiency is the most common type of anemia

Common in young women

Question 25

Arteries of the arm

Answer 25

• Subclavian
• Brachial
• Radial
• Ulnar

Question 26

Arteries of the leg

and veins

Answer 26

• Right and Left iliac a
• femoral a
• common iliac vein
• external iliac vein
• femoral vein

Question 27

Veins of the head and neck

Answer 27

• external jugular v
• subclavian v
• internal jugular v
• left brachiocephalic v
• superior vena cava
• inferior vena cava