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Microbiology-Jenn Edition > Questions lecture 12 > Flashcards

Questions lecture 12 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is the rate of microbiome turnover per day?
    (A) Too many to count
    (B) 100 bacteria
    (C) 10 trillion bacteria
    (D) Microbiome turnover does not occur
    (E) None of the above
A

C

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2
Q
  1. What affects the various resident microbiomes?
    (A) O2 levels
    (B) Acidity (pH)
    (C) Nutrient availability
    (D) All of the above
    (E) None of the above
A

d

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3
Q
  1. What are the steps to pathogenesis, in order?
    (A) Adherence, invasion, infection
    (B) Exposure, infection, invasion
    (C) Infection, invasion, adherence
    (D) Toxicity, infection, invasion
    (E) None of the above
A

a

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4
Q
  1. What is a way to restore the resident intestinal microbiome?
    (A) Increased cheese consumption
    (B) Fecal matter transplantation
    (C) Probiotics
    (D) B and C
    (E) A and B
A

d

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following resident microbiomes have multiple microenvironments?
    (A) Oral cavity
    (B) Stomach
    (C) Small intestine
    (D) Skin
    (E) None of the above
A

d

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6
Q
  1. How are your microbiomes first established?
    (A) In-utero
    (B) Birth (Vaginal or C-Section delivery)
    (C) Breast feeding
    (D) Environmental exposure (ex. Interacting with other children)
    (E) None of the above
A

b

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7
Q
  1. Which of the following is an example of where resident microbiomes do NOT occur?
    (A) Skin
    (B) Respiratory Tract
    (C) Nervous System
    (D) Digestive Tract
    (E) None of the above
A

c

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8
Q
  1. Which part of the GI tract has the most diverse microbiome?
    (A) Small intestines
    (B) Large intestines
    (C) Vaginal Canal
    (D) Stomach
    (E) None of the above
A

b

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9
Q
  1. Which part of the GI tract has the most diverse microbiome?
    (A) Small intestines
    (B) Large intestines
    (C) Vaginal Canal
    (D) Stomach
    (E) None of the above
A

B

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10
Q
  1. If you have Bacteria A, that normally is benign. But when your immune system is busy with a mold allergy, bacteria A becomes pathogenic. What happened?
    (A) The mold mutated the benign bacteria to make it pathogenic
    (B) It’s not the bacteria A that is making you sick, it’s the evil twin sister Bacteriana™ marvel super villain
    (C) Bacteria A is an opportunistic pathogen
    (D) Your immune system is just being lazy
    (E) None of the above
A

C

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11
Q
  1. Your resident microbiome can effect…
    (A) Weight gain/loss
    (B) Immune system
    (C) Neurological functions
    (D) B and D
    (E) All of the above
A
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12
Q
  1. When is a baby’s first exposure to microbes?
    (A) In the womb
    (B) During birth
    (C) When the child first eats dirt
    (D) After the umbilical cord is cut
    (E) None of the above
A

b

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13
Q
  1. Baby is delivered via a c-section, what is the gut microbiome of the baby most like of the mom?
    (A) Skin
    (B) Vaginal
    (C) Mouth
    (D) Stomach
    (E) None of the above
A

A

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14
Q
  1. Dental plaques are a type of
    (A) Not important
    (B) Highly isolated from the body
    (C) Beneficial protection
    (D) Biofilm
    (E) None of the above
A

d

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15
Q
  1. What are some options we talked about that can help restore your resident intestinal microbiome?
    (A) Antibiotics
    (B) Fecal matter transplantation
    (C) Probiotics
    (D) B and C
    (E) A and B
A

d

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16
Q
  1. What part of the gastrointestinal microbiome is considered the fermentation vessel?
    (A) Esophagus
    (B) Large Intestine
    (C) Stomach
    (D) Small Intestine
    (E) None of the above
A

B

17
Q
  1. How can someone restore their resident intestinal microbiome?
    (A) Steroid Metabolism
    (B) Vitamin Synthesis
    (C) Alteration of Digestive Function
    (D) Probiotics
    (E) None of the above
A

D

18
Q
  1. Microbes do not live in internal organs, blood, lymph, and the nervous system because ____.
    (A) They are exposed to the environment
    (B) They are not exposed to the environment
    (C) They don’t like to cause disease
    (D) It’s too complicated
    (E) None of the above
A

B

19
Q
  1. The biggest impact on the infant gut microbiome is _____.
    (A) Breast milk
    (B) Birth mode (C-section or vaginal)
    (C) Daycare exposure
    (D) The types of foods they consume
    (E) None of the above
A

A

20
Q
  1. Some of the factors that affect the skin microbiome are _____.
    (A) Age
    (B) Weather
    (C) Personal hygiene
    (D) Medications you may be taking
    (E) A, B, and C
A

e

21
Q
  1. The Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) is used to_____________ in the gastrointestinal microbiome.
    (A) Impair Vitamin Synthesis
    (B) Provide Permanent Immunity
    (C) Reestablish Healthy Bacteria
    (D) Make Coprophagic Bacteria
    (E) None of the above
A

C

22
Q
  1. As a microbiology student, you decided to give out candy moderately low in sugar for Halloween this year because ___________________.
    (A) Oral cavity bacteria ferment sugars into lactic acid
    (B) High sugar intake promotes dental caries
    (C) Sugars like sucrose directly break down ooth enamel
    (D) You want to scare the Trick-or-Treaters away
    (E) A and B
A

e

23
Q
  1. _____ is a biofilm that contains lactic acid bacteria that can break down the enamel of teeth.
    (A) Dental caries
    (B) Calcium phosphate
    (C) Dental plaques
    (D) Gingival Crevice
    (E) None of the above
A

C

24
Q
  1. The large intestine can be described as a “fermentation vessel” because __________.
    (A) Only Acidophiles Can Survive There
    (B) It Is Fairly Acidic (pH = 4 – 5)
    (C) There Is Less Water Reabsorption
    (D) Lots of Microbes Present Undergo Fermentation
    (E) None of the above
A

D

25
Q
  1. In nature, population control of rabbits via a hemorrhagic virus was temporarily effective due to the selection for attenuation. The rabbit’s (host) immunity ______ and virus virulence _______ over time.
    (A) Increased, Increased
    (B) Increased, Decreased
    (C) Decreased, Decreased
    (D) Decreased, Increased
    (E) None of the above
A

B

26
Q
  1. What kind of pathogens cause disease in the absence of normal host resistance?
    (A) Beneficial microbes
    (B) Benign microbes
    (C) Opportunistic pathogens
    (D) Impaired pathogens
    (E) None of the above
A

C

27
Q
  1. Which body site contains antimicrobial peptides and oily secretions known as sebum that shape the resident microbiome?
    (A) Oral cavity
    (B) Skin
    (C) GI tract
    (D) Mucosal tissue
    (E) None of the above
A

B

28
Q
  1. What is the antimicrobial chemical that is present in the oral cavity?
    (A) Peptides
    (B) Antibodies
    (C) Lactic acid
    (D) Lysozyme
    (E) None of the above
A

D

29
Q
  1. What is the purpose of lactic acid bacteria and where are they found?
    (A) The resident microbiome gets disrupted; urethra
    (B) Ferments glycogen and maintains a low pH environment; vagina
    (C) Ferments glycogen and maintains a low pH environment; urethra
    (D) They secrete bioactive steroids; vagina
    (E) None of the above
A

b

30
Q
  1. What is the exotoxin type and exotoxin name that is known to bind to inhibitory interneurons, preventing the release of glycine and relaxation of muscles?
    (A) AB; diptheria
    (B) Cytolytic; a-toxin
    (C) AB neurotoxin; tetanus
    (D) AB neurotoxin; botulinum
    (E) None of the above
A

c

31
Q
  1. What kind of human-microbe interaction causes no positive and no negative effect?
    (A) Beneficial
    (B) Benign
    (C) Pathogenic
    (D) Irrelevant
    (E) None of the above
A

b

32
Q
  1. Oxygen levels are lowest in the ___, and highest in the _____.
    (A) Stomach, small intestine
    (B) Small intestine, large intestine
    (C) Large intestine, stomach
    (D) Small intestine, stomach
    (E) None of the above
A

C

33
Q
  1. In which of the following areas might you find a resident microbiome?
    (A) Skin
    (B) Respiratory tract
    (C) Digestive tract
    (D) Urogenital tract
    (E) All of the above
A

E

34
Q
  1. Finding microbes in which of the following areas would be problematic?
    (A) Blood stream
    (B) Lymph
    (C) Urine
    (D) Skin cells
    (E) Both A & B
A

e

35
Q
  1. Which of the following has a microbiome most similar to the stomach?
    (A) Large intestine
    (B) Oral cavity
    (C) Small intestine
    (D) Rectum
    (E) All are the same
A

c

36
Q
  1. Which of the following is a characteristic of mucosal tissue?
    (A) Large surface area
    (B) Low microbial diversity
    (C) High microbial diversity
    (D) A & C
    (E) A & B
A

E

37
Q
  1. The large intestine is sometimes compared to a chemostat because __________.
    (A) It keeps the gut microbiome in balance via turnover.
    (B) There is gas buildup in the intestines.
    (C) There is a large growth rate of the microbe population.
    (D) The intake is greater than the output.
    (E) None of the above
A

A

38
Q
  1. Which of the following places do microbes NOT live in the body?
    (A) Respiratory Tract
    (B) Internal Organs
    (C) Digestive Tract
    (D) Urogenital Tract
    (E) Skin
A

B

39
Q
  1. There is high microbial diversity in which of the following?
    (A) Skin
    (B) Oral Cavity
    (C) GI Tract
    (D) Mucosal Tissue
    (E) A and C
A

E

Microbiology-Jenn Edition (20 decks)

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