Microbial Evolution & Systematics Sic Questions

Question 1

113. Which of the following is NOT a domain of life
     (A) Bacteria
     (B) Archaea
     (C) Eukarya
     (D) Fungi
     (E) None of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

114. What is an advantage of phenotypic identification?
     (A) Plastic phenotypes
     (B) Limited to culturable microorganisms
     (C) Insight into bacterial lifestyle
     (D) All of the above
     (E) None of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

115. What are some advantages of phenotypic identification?
     (A) Insight into bacterial lifestyle
     (B) Observable features of unknown bacteria
     (C) Access to all microorganisms
     (D) A & B
     (E) A & C

Answer 3

D

Question 4

116. For Phenotypic Identification: Serovar means
     (A) Biochemical Properties
     (B) Antigens Present
     (C) Infect other Cells
     (D) Infected by other Cells
     (E) None of the Above

Answer 4

C

Question 5

117. What is necessary to be able to describe a new species?
     (A) Must be cultured
     (B) Must be deposited in two culture collections
     (C) Must be published
     (D) All of the above
     (E) None of the Above

Answer 5

D

Question 6

118. For our diversification of life on our planet, the first big event was _____ and the second was _____
     (A) The Great Oxidation, Formation of Ozone
     (B) Emergence of H2O, Formation of an Oxygen Atmosphere
     (C) The Great Oxidation, Endosymbiosis
     (D) RNA ribosomes, DNA storage
     (E) None of the Above

Answer 6

c

Question 7

119. Early life likely started ___
     (A) In cracks on the land filled with warm, nutrient rich gas
     (B) In hydrothermal vents filled with warm, nutrient rich water
     (C) Flat rock with lots of UV light
     (D) Came in on a meteorite
     (E) None of the Above

Answer 7

B

Question 8

120. According to the subsurface hypotheses 3 billion years ago, the first life evolved in _____.
     (A) Hydrothermal vents
     (B) Glaciers
     (C) An anaerobic microbe
     (D) An RNA strand
     (E) None of the above

Answer 8

A

Question 9

121. The subsurface hypothesis says that first life evolved ___?
     (A) From aliens coming from mars
     (B) In hydrothermal vents
     (C) From the icy comets
     (D) In nutrient rich soil
     (E) None of the above

Answer 9

B

Question 10

122. A Stromatolite is a ____
     (A) Limestone that life once lived on
     (B) Layers of mixed fossilized microbes
     (C) Undissolved Salt
     (D) Lava that bubbled up to the surface
     (E) None of the Above

Answer 10

B

Question 11

123. The tree of life was first constructed based on ______ but today it has been developed based on _____.
     (A) Biology, morphology
     (B) Morphology, biology
     (C) Biology, DNA sequencing
     (D) Morphology, DNA sequencing
     (E) DNA sequencing, biology

Answer 11

D

Question 12

124. The acronym LUCA stands for _____.
     (A) Least Uncommon Common Ancestor
     (B) Likely Unknown Common Ancestor
     (C) Last Universal Common Ancestor
     (D) Last Unknown Common Ancestor
     (E) None of the above

Answer 12

C

Question 13

125. The major event that happened 3.5 billion years ago for you and I was _____.
     (A) The ozone layer formed
     (B) Early evidence of cellular life
     (C) The first self-replicating system
     (D) Formation of a hospitable Earth
     (E) None of the above

Answer 13

B

Question 14

126. The correct order for the process of endosymbiosis is _____.
     (A) Free-living bacteria –> bacterial symbiont –> organelle
     (B) Bacterial symbiont –> organelle –> free-living bacteria
     (C) Organelle –> free-living bacteria –> bacterial symbiont
     (D) Any of the above
     (E) None of the above

Answer 14

A

Question 15

127. For chemolithotrophy the energy source is _____ and the carbon source is _____.
     (A) Elemental sulfur, inorganic carbon
     (B) Elemental oxygen, carbon dioxide
     (C) Light, oxygen
     (D) Elemental sulfur, carbon dioxide
     (E) None of the above

Answer 15

A

Question 16

128. The major difference between anoxygenic and oxygenic phototrophy is their electron donor. The electron donor for anoxygenic is ____ and oxygenic is _____.
     (A) Hydrogen sulfide, water
     (B) Elemental sulfur, water
     (C) Hydrogen, oxygen
     (D) Answer D
     (E) None of the above

Answer 16

A

Question 17

129. The products of the Great Oxidation Event are _____.
     (A) Anaerobic metabolism
     (B) Ozone layer
     (C) Aerobic metabolism
     (D) B and C
     (E) A and B

Answer 17

D

Question 18

130. How long ago was the formation of planets?
     A. 450 billion years ago
     B. 4.5 billion years ago
     C. 4.5 million years ago
     D. 3 billion years ago
     E. 3.5 billion years ago

Answer 18

B

Question 19

131. What is the energy source for chemolithotrophs?
     A. Oxygen
     B. Sun
     C. Elemental Sulfur
     D. All of above
     E. None of above

Answer 19

C

Question 20

The earliest microbes on Earth obtained energy from ___.
a. Chemical energy
b. Sunlight
c. Oxygen
d. B and C
e. None of the above

Answer 20

A

Question 21

134. The “golden” marker refers to the ____
     a. 18S rRNA gene
     b. 14S rRNA gene
     c. 16S rRNA gene
     d. A & B
     e. B & C

Answer 21

C

Question 22

137. What event contributed to the evolution of aerobic metabolism?
     (A) Endosymbiosis
     (B) Great oxidation
     (C) Chemolithotrophy
     (D) Photoautotrophy
     (E) None of the above

Answer 22

B

Question 23

138. What early conditions prevented the formation of life on Earth?
     (A) Too low temperatures
     (B) Collisions with comets
     (C) Too much UV radiation
     (D) A & B
     (E) B & C

Answer 23

E