Questions for Review

Question 1

Which type of symbiosis do both members benefit from their interaction?

Answer 1

mutualism

Question 2

An axenic environment is one that

Answer 2

contains only one species

Question 3

The most frequent portal of entry for pathogens is

Answer 3

the respiratory tract

Question 4

The process by which microorganisms attache themselves to cells is

Answer 4

adhesion

Question 5

Correct sequence of events in infectious diseases

Answer 5

incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

Question 6

A disease in which a pathogen remains inactive for a long period of time before becoming active is termed

Answer 6

latent disease

Question 7

To obtain immediate immunity against tetanus, patient should receive

Answer 7

a subunit vaccine against Clostridium tetani

Question 8

Which vaccine type is commonly given with an adjuvant?

Answer 8

a chemically killed vaccine

Question 9

Maximal precipitation occurs when

Answer 9

antigen and antibody are at equivalent concentrations

Question 10

An anti-antibody is used when

Answer 10

the antigen is an antibody

Question 11

The many different proteins in serum can be analyzed by

Answer 11

an immunodiffusion test

Question 12

A direct fluorescent antibody test requires

Answer 12

antibodies against the antigen

Question 13

An ELISA uses what reagent?

Answer 13

an enzyme-labeled anti-antibody

Question 14

A direct fluorescent antibody test can be used to detect the presence of

Answer 14

specific antigens

Question 15

Attenuation is

Answer 15

the process of reducing virulence

Question 16

An antiserum is

Answer 16

the liquid portion of blood used for immunization

Question 17

Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 17

are produced by hybridomas, are secreted by clone cells, and can be used for passive immunization

Question 18

The study of antibody-antigen interaction in the blood is

Answer 18

serology

Question 19

Anti-human antibody antibodies are

Answer 19

formed by animals reacting to human immunoglobulins

Question 20

An eschar is

Answer 20

a painless, black, crusty ulcer

Question 21

Opportunistic pathogen often seen in burn victims

Answer 21

Pseudomonas

Question 22

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is caused by

Answer 22

measles virus

Question 23

Cerebrospinal fluid is

Answer 23

formed deep within the brain, found in the subarachnoid space, and withdrawn in a spinal tap

Question 24

The meninx lying closes to the spinal cord is the

Answer 24

pia mater

Question 25

Hansen’s disease is also known as

Answer 25

leprosy

Question 26

The most common form of meningitis is

Answer 26

viral meningitis

Question 27

Bacterium associated with bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia in newborns

Answer 27

Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 28

Toxemia refers to

Answer 28

blood poisoning due to toxins

Question 29

Toxin released from cel walls of dying Gram-negative bacteria is called

Answer 29

endotoxin

Question 30

Bacteria more commonly associated with septicemia

Answer 30

Gram-negative bacteria

Question 31

Another name for a complete virus is

Answer 31

virion

Question 32

A clear zone of phage infection in a bacterial lawn is

Answer 32

a plaque