Chapter 5 - Microbial Metabolism Flashcards
Metabolism
biochemical reactions that take place within a microbe, ultimate function is to reproduce
Three important electron carriers
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
two ways to catabolize carbohydrates
respiration and fermentation
respiration
glycolysis, Krebs, ETC
fermentation
glycolysis
alternatives to glycolysis
Pentose phosphate pathway and Entner-Doudoroff pathway
Pentose phosphate pathway
yield one ATP, used for DNA
Entner-Douoroff pathway
yield one ATP, found in pathogenic bacteria
electrochemical gradient
hydrogens released create a gradient which gives energy that pass through ATP synthase
glycolysis occurs in
the cytoplasm
intermediate step occurs in
the cytoplasm
Krebs cycle occurs in
Eukaryotes: mitochondrial matrix; Prokaryotes: cytoplasm
ETC occurs in
Eukaryotes: mitochondrial inner membrane; prokaryotes: plasma membrane
anaerobic respiration final electron acceptors
nitrate, sulfate, carbonate
fermentation final electron acceptor
organic molecule
aerobic respiration final electron acceptor
oxygen
protein catabolism
proteases break down amino acids, nitrogen must be removed by deamination then enter Krebs
lipid catabolism
lipase’s break down into glycerol and fatty acid chains; each glycerol converts to DHAP and enters glycolysis, fatty acid chains are beta-oxidized to acetyl-CoA and enter Krebs
