Chapter 5 - Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

biochemical reactions that take place within a microbe, ultimate function is to reproduce

Question 2

Three important electron carriers

Answer 2

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Question 3

two ways to catabolize carbohydrates

Answer 3

respiration and fermentation

Question 4

respiration

Answer 4

glycolysis, Krebs, ETC

Question 5

fermentation

Answer 5

glycolysis

Question 6

alternatives to glycolysis

Answer 6

Pentose phosphate pathway and Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Question 7

Pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 7

yield one ATP, used for DNA

Question 8

Entner-Douoroff pathway

Answer 8

yield one ATP, found in pathogenic bacteria

Question 9

electrochemical gradient

Answer 9

hydrogens released create a gradient which gives energy that pass through ATP synthase

Question 10

glycolysis occurs in

Answer 10

the cytoplasm

Question 11

intermediate step occurs in

Answer 11

the cytoplasm

Question 12

Krebs cycle occurs in

Answer 12

Eukaryotes: mitochondrial matrix; Prokaryotes: cytoplasm

Question 13

ETC occurs in

Answer 13

Eukaryotes: mitochondrial inner membrane; prokaryotes: plasma membrane

Question 14

anaerobic respiration final electron acceptors

Answer 14

nitrate, sulfate, carbonate

Question 15

fermentation final electron acceptor

Answer 15

organic molecule

Question 16

aerobic respiration final electron acceptor

Answer 16

oxygen

Question 17

protein catabolism

Answer 17

proteases break down amino acids, nitrogen must be removed by deamination then enter Krebs

Question 18

lipid catabolism

Answer 18

lipase’s break down into glycerol and fatty acid chains; each glycerol converts to DHAP and enters glycolysis, fatty acid chains are beta-oxidized to acetyl-CoA and enter Krebs