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Microbiology > Chapter 20-Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 20-Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

blood brain barrier

A

Blood vessels around the brain composed of endothelial cells packed so tightly that nothing can pass

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2
Q

axenic

A

devoid of microorganisms

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3
Q

bacterial meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

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4
Q

bacterial meningitis most common causative agents

A

Neisseria mengitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae

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5
Q

Neisseria mengitidis

A

scariest causative agent of bacterial meningitis, there is a vaccine for this, acquire from inhalation

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6
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

causative agent of bacterial meningitis, acquired by inhalation, there is a vaccine

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7
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

causative agent of bacterial meningitis, acquired by inhalation, there is a vaccine

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8
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

causative agent of bacterial meningitis, acquired by contaminated food

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9
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A

causative agent of bacterial meningitis, acquired during birth

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10
Q

bacteremia

A

bacteria in the blood

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis

A

fever (sign) and stiff neck (symptom)

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12
Q

treatment of bacterial meningitis

A

vaccines and antibiotics

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13
Q

Meningoencephalitis

A

chews up brain, caused by protozoans and amoebas

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14
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

causative agent of meningoencephalitis, enters through nasal mucosa

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15
Q

Acanthamoeba

A

causative agent of meningoencephalitis, enters through conjunctiva and broken skin

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16
Q

Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease) types

A

tuberculoid and lepromatous

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17
Q

Tuberculoid type of leprosy

A

does not spread, numb lesions on skin

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18
Q

lepromatous type of leprosy

A

spreads, destructive deformities

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19
Q

Leprosy causative agent

A

Mycobacterium leprae

20
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

causative agent of leprosy, Gram + bacillus, very slow growing, armadillo food pads, takes 20 years to show up for both types

21
Q

Leprosy

A

infects peripheral nerves, skin cells; prefers outer extremities

22
Q

signs and symptoms of leprosy

A

numbness, numb patches on skin

23
Q

Botulism

A

paralysis, affects nervous system, prevents muscle contraction

24
Q

Causative agent of botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

25
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

causative agent of botulism, Gram +, anaerobic rod, spore forming

26
Q

virulence factor of botulism

A

botulin toxin, most lethal toxin

27
Q

3 types of botulism

A

food-borne, infant, and wound

28
Q

treatment of botulism

A

antitoxin (immunoglobulin)

29
Q

Tetanus causative agent

A

Clostridium tetani

30
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

causative agent of tetanus, Gram +, anaerobic rod

31
Q

virulence factor of tetanus

A

tetanospasmin (toxin)

32
Q

signs and symptoms of tetanus

A

lock jaw, muscle spasms; prevents muscle relaxation

33
Q

treatment of tetanus

A

DTP vaccine, immunoglobulins

34
Q

Poliomyelitis (Polio)

A

paralysis of the lower extremeties

35
Q

Polio causative agent

A

Poliovirus

36
Q

Transmission of polio

A

contaminated water

37
Q

types of polio

A

nonparalytic and paralytic

38
Q

nonparalytic polio signs and symptoms

A

sore throat and back pain

39
Q

paralytic polio signs and symptoms

A

paralysis of limb muscles or respiratory muscles

40
Q

treatment of polio

A

vaccines; live and killed (live banned in US)

41
Q

Rabies

A

zoonotic disease

42
Q

rabies causative agent

A

Lyssavirus (ssRNA virus)

43
Q

transmission of rabies

A

scratch or bite of infected animal

44
Q

reservoirs of rabies

A

dogs, cats, skunks, bats, foxes

45
Q

signs and symptoms of rabies

A

hallucination, hydrophobia, seizures, can’t swallow (causes foaming)

46
Q

treatment of rabies

A

vaccine (on days 0, 3, 7, and 14)

Microbiology (12 decks)

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