Chapter 1 - A Brief History of Microbiology Flashcards
Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells and come from preexisting cells
Who reported seeing the first microorganism
Robert Hooke in 1665
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Created first simple microscopes, called microbes animalcules
Who first proposed spontaneous generation?
Aristotle
What is spontaneous generation?
Living things can arise from nonliving matter
What is biogenesis?
Living organisms arise from preexisting life (Virchow)
Who’s experiments first casted doubt on spontaneous generation?
Redi, used decaying meat in jars
Spallanzani experiments
Boiled broth to kill anything living and sealed the necks of the flasks by melting them
Who is the father of microbiology?
Louis Pasteur
What is Pasteur known for?
disproved spontaneous generation, created fermentation and pasteurization, created first vaccination
What are some of Koch’s contributions?
Simple staining, first photomicrograph, Petri dishes, techniques to transfer bacteria
Semmelweis
Used chlorinated limewater to wash hands
Lister
Used phenols in surgical wounds and incisions
What are antibiotics?
Chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes
Alexander Fleming
Discovered first antibiotic in 1928
Carl Linnaeus
Established system of scientific nomenclature in 1700
Bacteria
Prokaryotes with peptidoglycan cell walls and use binary fission
Archaea
Prokaryotes lacking peptidoglycan cell walls, live in extreme environments
Fungi
Eukaryotes that have cell walls and obtain food from other organisms; includes molds and yeasts
Mold
Type of fungi, multicellular; reproduce by sexual and asexual spores
Yeast
Type of fungi, unicellular; reproducing by budding or sexual spores
Algae
Unicellular or multicellular; photosynthetic, simple reproductive structures
Viruses
Acellular, DNA or RNA core surrounded by protein coat that can also be enclosed in a lipid envelope; obligate intracellular parasites
