Chapter 1 - A Brief History of Microbiology

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

All living things are composed of cells and come from preexisting cells

Question 2

Who reported seeing the first microorganism

Answer 2

Robert Hooke in 1665

Question 3

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 3

Created first simple microscopes, called microbes animalcules

Question 4

Who first proposed spontaneous generation?

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

What is spontaneous generation?

Answer 5

Living things can arise from nonliving matter

Question 6

What is biogenesis?

Answer 6

Living organisms arise from preexisting life (Virchow)

Question 7

Who’s experiments first casted doubt on spontaneous generation?

Answer 7

Redi, used decaying meat in jars

Question 8

Spallanzani experiments

Answer 8

Boiled broth to kill anything living and sealed the necks of the flasks by melting them

Question 9

Who is the father of microbiology?

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur

Question 10

What is Pasteur known for?

Answer 10

disproved spontaneous generation, created fermentation and pasteurization, created first vaccination

Question 11

What are some of Koch’s contributions?

Answer 11

Simple staining, first photomicrograph, Petri dishes, techniques to transfer bacteria

Question 12

Semmelweis

Answer 12

Used chlorinated limewater to wash hands

Question 13

Lister

Answer 13

Used phenols in surgical wounds and incisions

Question 14

What are antibiotics?

Answer 14

Chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes

Question 15

Alexander Fleming

Answer 15

Discovered first antibiotic in 1928

Question 16

Carl Linnaeus

Answer 16

Established system of scientific nomenclature in 1700

Question 17

Bacteria

Answer 17

Prokaryotes with peptidoglycan cell walls and use binary fission

Question 18

Archaea

Answer 18

Prokaryotes lacking peptidoglycan cell walls, live in extreme environments

Question 19

Fungi

Answer 19

Eukaryotes that have cell walls and obtain food from other organisms; includes molds and yeasts

Question 20

Mold

Answer 20

Type of fungi, multicellular; reproduce by sexual and asexual spores

Question 21

Yeast

Answer 21

Type of fungi, unicellular; reproducing by budding or sexual spores

Question 22

Algae

Answer 22

Unicellular or multicellular; photosynthetic, simple reproductive structures

Question 23

Viruses

Answer 23

Acellular, DNA or RNA core surrounded by protein coat that can also be enclosed in a lipid envelope; obligate intracellular parasites