Quality management

Question 1

Quality management process

Answer 1

Plan quality management (Planning)
Manage quality (Executing)
Control quality (Monitoring & Controlling)

Looking forward in time - Plan quality management (Planning)
Looking back in time at standard (Check 下係咪跟Standards) - Manage quality (Executing)
Looking back in time at result (Check produce stick in line with standard) - Control quality (Monitoring & Controlling)

Question 2

Plan quality management (Planning) 1st

Answer 2

-How to define quality , how to meet quality
-Quality will influence other project management plans, etc require cost & schedule adjustment

Output：
Quality management plan

Question 3

Plan quality management (Planning) 1st
Tools and techniques

Answer 3

1. Cost benefit analysis
   Benefits vs costs of meeting quality requirements
2. Cost of quality (COQ)

Cost of conformance :
-Prevention costs ( Training, equipment)
-Appraisal costs ( testing, inspections)

Cost of nonconformance :
-Internal failure costs ( failures found by the project => rework, scrap)
-External failure costs ( failures found by the customer=> Warranty, lost business)

3. Benchmarking
   Get idea from past project for improvement
4. Design of experiment (DOE)
5. Statistical sampling
   Choosing a part of a population for investigation

Question 4

Plan quality management (Planning) 1st
7 basic quality tools

Answer 4

1. Case and effect diagrams / Fishbone / Ishikawa Diagrams
   -How to repair a defect & get root cause
2. Flowcharts
   -Process flows from beginning to end
   
   • Inter-relation of steps
3. Checksheets
   -Can check frequency of defect in your quality control
4. Pareto Diagrams (Pareto charts)
   
   • Identify root case of most frequency problem
   • Focus on critical issues, 同排到次序
5. Histograms
   
   • Bar chart ( frequency X 其他distribution problem)
6. Scatter Diagrams
   
   • two variables to see if they are related
7. Control charts
   
   • Check process is stable or has predictable performance
   • 會SET upper and lower control limited
   • 會有Mean (average ) 1間位線
     -Rule of seven 連續7點係同一邊 都係有問題

Question 5

Plan quality management (Planning) 1st
Output

Answer 5

Quality management plan
Quality metrics ( availability, reliability, defect frequency … )
Quality checklist ( set of required steps)
Process imporvement plan
Project documents update

Question 6

Manage quality (Executing) 2nd

Answer 6

-Check whether standard are meet

Input:
Quality control measurements ( 分析質量程序可以meet customer standards)

Output:
Change request
Project management plan
Project document update

Question 7

Manage quality (Executing) 2nd
Tools and techniques

Answer 7

1. Quality audits
   Check whether your project is using standards
2. Process analysis
   Continuous improvement 抽樣檢查
3. Checklists
   Verify a set of required steps has been performed 或 D requirement 感到滿意的
   確保經常執行的任務的一致性

Question 8

Control quality (Monitoring & Controlling) 3rd

Answer 8

-Check the product outcome is in line with the project requirement
-Quality processes agreed on in the quality management plan are 提供預期的結果
-量度產品質量既工作 可滿足客戶要求同質量
-procedures and policies are being followed as planned

Tools:
Inspections
Checklist ( 用於結構化方式)

Output
Measurements ( measure the product outcome of the project )
Validated changes
Change request ( 有defect 要FIX)
Validated deliverables
Project management plan
Project document update