(Q2) Integument: Skin

Question 1

Epidermis

Answer 1

• Outermost layer of skin
• Waterproof layer of “dead”
  skin cells provides protection
  of the derma
• Tough, elastic, where melanin is found

Question 2

Dermis

Answer 2

• Layer below epidermis
• Nerves present allow sensation
  and vessels present for thermoregulation
• Mainly collagen
• Hair follicle embedded
• Glands present- sweat, oil

Question 3

Areolar tissue

Answer 3

Type of Connective Tissue
- loose connective tissue that binds,
supports, holds fluid,stores nutrients

Question 4

Adipose tissue

Answer 4

Type of Connective Tissue
- fat cells, adipocytes, store more nutrients, insulate and cushion

Question 5

Melanin

Answer 5

Melanocytes produce melanin and is present in epidermis, hair and eyes
to create color on surface
Melanin protects body from UV rays. Exposure to UV rays causes higher
production of melanin, causing more color
Color of melanin ranges from reddish to black (ex: hair colors)

Question 6

Carotene

Answer 6

Yellow, orange in color
Present in adipose tissue, makes fat yellow
May be present in epidermis because of skin disorder

Question 7

Hemoglobin

Answer 7

Protein present in blood
Gives blood its red color
When less melanin is present, red/pink colors can be seen in skin
Where capillaries are close to surface of skin, red/pink colors are present
(ex: cheeks)
Emotional and temperature changes can bring color (ex: blushing)

Question 8

Karatin

Answer 8

Part of Hair
a protein to protect skin and create antibodies, hair is made of dead keratin cells

Question 9

Follicles

Answer 9

a tube-like structure where a single hair is created and embedded in the dermis and comes through the epidermis

Question 10

Leukoderma (vitiligo)

Answer 10

Localized absence of pigmentation
Consult the family, do not just cover
Embalming note: be careful with dye

Question 11

Melanosis

Answer 11

Sun tan, sunburn

Question 12

Jaundice

Answer 12

Prominent yellow color in skin and eyes
Caused by excess bilirubin in tissue
Usually from liver disease

Embalming note: ask for help from an experienced embalmer; Embalming process can turn skin green

Question 13

Sallow

Answer 13

Less prominent yellow in skin
Caused by
-anemia
-vitamin deficiency (lack of carotene)
-smoking (lack of oxygen to cells)

Question 14

Angioma/Hemangioma

Answer 14

Benign tumor of blood vessels

Question 15

Macular & Port-wine stains

Answer 15

Caused by groupings of enlarged capillaries

Question 16

Lentigo (liver spots)

Answer 16

A permanent increase of pigmentation caused by long-term exposure to UV rays
Very common in elderly people

Question 17

Albinism

Answer 17

Reduction of pigment in the entire
body
Light complexion
Embalming note: be careful with dye

Question 18

Freckles (ephelides)

Answer 18

Small spots of increased pigmentation, may be in clusters
Sun exposure can cause them to appear
Consult family, do not just cover

Question 19

Nevus

Answer 19

• Mole; Concentrated melanocytes in one area
• Can be flat,raised, or hairy
• Consult the family, do not cover up