Q1 Principles of Learning and Intro to Psychotherapy

Question 1

what names are associated with classical conditioning

Answer 1

• pavlov (and dogs)

- Watson (and little Albert)

Question 2

what happens when the conditioned response occurs to a stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus

Answer 2

• generalization

Question 3

what is the ability to differentiate between the conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that haven’t been paired with the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 3

• discrimination

Question 4

what psychiatric illnesses are associated with classical conditioning

Answer 4

• phobias
• PTSD
• paraphilias

Question 5

who is associated with operant conditioning

Answer 5

• Skinner

- Thorndike

Question 6

what is something that increases the frequency of behavior

Answer 6

• reinforcer

Question 7

what is something that decreases the frequency of behavior

Answer 7

• punisher

Question 8

what does positive mean in behaviorism

Answer 8

• something shows up that wasn’t there before

Question 9

what does negative mean in behaviorism

Answer 9

• something goes away that was present before

Question 10

what is a positive reinforcer

Answer 10

• reward

Question 11

what is a negative reinforcer

Answer 11

• relief

Question 12

Person is rewarded or reinforced when he or she randomly (by trial and error) shows something like the desired behavior. Closer and closer approximations of the wanted behavior are then reinforced until the correct behavior is achieved

Answer 12

• shaping

Question 13

what are some psychiatric illnesses that arise as a result of operant conditioning

Answer 13

• substance dependence
• anxiety disorders
• oppositional defiant disorder
• depressive disorders

Question 14

who is associated with observational learning

Answer 14

• Bandura

Question 15

components of observational learning model

Answer 15

• attention
• retention
• initiation
• motivation

Question 16

what is the treatment target for behavioral therapies

Answer 16

• change ineffective behaviors

- disrupt ineffective reinforcement schedules

Question 17

what is the treatment target for cognitive and cognitive behavioral therapies

Answer 17

• modify distorted cognitions

- change ineffective behaviors

Question 18

what happens when people with depression isolate and withdraw from humans more

Answer 18

• they have fewer reinforcers

- avoidance behaviors get higher

Question 19

what form of therapy aims to change contextual factors through alternative coping

Answer 19

• behavioral activation

Question 20

what occurs in inhibitory learning

Answer 20

• get to brain to think on a higher level rather than just impending death

Question 21

what is the treatment for cognitive avoidance

Answer 21

• imaginal exposure

Question 22

what is the treatment for behavioral avoidance

Answer 22

• in vivo exposure

Question 23

Repeated stimulation results in a decreased response

Answer 23

• habituation

Question 24

Repeated stimulation results in an increased response

Answer 24

• sensitization

Question 25

Observational learning where an individual observes others and imitates their behavior.

Answer 25

- modeling

Question 26

Decrease and ultimate disappearance of the conditioned response resulting from the unpairing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli

Answer 26

- extinction

Question 27

Evidence-based, short-term, goal-oriented psychotherapy that takes a hands-on, practical approach to problem-solving. Its goal is to change patterns of thinking or behavior that are behind people's difficulties, and so change the way they feel.

Answer 27

- cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 28

insight-oriented therapy, focuses on unconscious processes as they are manifested in a person's present behavior.

Answer 28

- psychodynamic therapy

Question 29

Specific from of cognitive therapy focused on helping people increase their emotional and cognitive regulation by learning about the triggers that lead to reactive states and helping to assess which coping skills to apply in the sequence of events, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to help avoid undesired reactions

Answer 29

- dialectical behavioral therapy