Q#3 - CELLS PT.1 Flashcards
What are cells?
1) CELLS ARE THE BASIC OR FUNDAMENTAL UNITS OF LIFE
2) ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS.
Cells are the ______ or ______ units of life.
BASIC; FUNDAMENTAL
What are the TWO (2) TYPES of CELLS?
1) PROKARYOTIC CELLS
2) EUKARYOTIC CELLS
In the types of cells, the simple _________________ lack nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles.
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Prokaryotic cells lack?
1) NUCLEI
2) OTHER MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES
Under prokaryotic cells, what are the two domains?
1) ARCHAEA
2) EUBACTERIA
This type of cell is larger and have many membrane-bound organelles.
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having?
1) DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope.
2) Have membrane-bound organelles
3) Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus.
TRUE OR FALSE
Eukaryotic cells are generally MUCH LARGER than PROKARYOTIC CELLS.
TRUE
PROKARYOTE OR EUKARYOTE
Genetic Recombination: Partial, unidirectional transfer of DNA.
PROKARYOTE
PROKARYOTE OR EUKARYOTE
Flagella: Microscopic in size; membrane bound; usually 20 microtubules in 9 + 2 pattern
EUKARYOTE
PROKARYOTE OR EUKARYOTE
Ribosomes: 70S
PROKARYOTE
PROKARYOTE OR EUKARYOTE
Differentiation: Rudimentary
PROKARYOTE
PROKARYOTE OR EUKARYOTE
Differentiation: Tissues and Organs
EUKARYOTE
PROKARYOTE OR EUKARYOTE
Ribosomes: 80S (except in mitochondria and chloroplasts)
EUKARYOTE
What are the only components present in PROKARYOTIC CELLS?
- Genetic Recombination
- Flagella
- Cell Walls
- Ribosomes
- Cytoskeleton
- Vacuoles
- Vesicles
All eukaryotes have THREE (3) BASIC PARTS; enumerate:
1) CELL MEMBRANE
2) CYTOPLASM
3) NUCLEUS
What is this organelle?
- Locomotion organelle in some animal cells; composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane.
FLAGELLUM
What is this organelle?
- Region where the cell’s microtubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles (function unknown)
CENTROSOME
What organelle is this?
- Reinforces cell’s shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of proteins,
CYTOSKELETON
What is the cytoskeleton made of?
1) MICROFILAMENTS
2) INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
3) MICROTUBULES
What organelle is this?
- Projections that increase the cell’s surface area.
MICROVILLI
What is this organelle?
- This is an organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product then converts it to water.
PEROXISOME
What is this organelle?
- An organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated.
MITOCHONDRION
What is this organelle?
- A digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed.
LYSOSOME
What is this organelle?
- Organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting and secretion of cell products.
GOLGI APPARATUS
What is this organelle?
- Complexes (small brown dots) that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope.
RIBOSOMES
What is this organelle?
- The membrane enclosing the cell.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
What is this organelle?
- Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
What is this organelle?
- Structure involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli.
NUCLEOLUS
What is this organelle?
- Material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell.
CHROMATIN
What organelle is this?
- A network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth regions.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Organelles in animal cells but not plant cells:
1) LYSOSOMES
2) CENTROSOMES
3) FLAGELLA (but present in some plant sperm)
BASIC FEATURES OF CELLS
- Plasma membrane _______ the cell and_________ interactions between the cell and its environment.
ENCLOSES; MEDIATES
BASIC FEATURES OF CELLS
- Cells _____ and ______ DNA as ___________ _________ in the chromosomes.
USE; CARRYL HEREDITARY BLUEPRINTS
BASIC FEATURES OF CELLS
- Cells have ________ that synthesizes proteins.
RIBOSOMES
BASCI FEATURES OF CELLS
- Cells OBTAIN and UTILIZE ________ & ________.
ENERGY; NUTRIENTS
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF CELLS
- Cell function is _______ by cell size.
LIMITED
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF CELLS
- Cells are DIVERSE in ________ and _________.
FORM; FUNCTION
This organelle provides INTERNAL COMPARTMENTALIZATION.
CELL MEMBRANE
Provides local environments for varying processes to occur.
INTERNAL COMPARTMENTALIZATION
TRUE OR FALSE:
- Membrane are compatible to other membranes within the cell.
TRUE
Cells are limited in size by ______________________ between their outer surface area and their volume.
SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO
The cell’s nucleus can only control a certain amount of living __________ or ___________.
CYTOPLASM; CELL CONTENTS
As the radius of a sphere increases, its volume increases more rapidly than its ______________.
SURFACE AREA
The shape of a cell depends on its ____________.
FUNCTION
