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ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) > Finals - THE STUDY OF ECOLOGY & THE CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEMS > Flashcards

Finals - THE STUDY OF ECOLOGY & THE CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEMS Flashcards

1
Q

THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY

-This is the study of interactions of living organisms with one another and their physical environment.

A

ECOLOGY

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2
Q

THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY

  • This is a study of CONNECTIONS in nature.
  • How organisms interact with one another and with their nonliving environment.
A

ECOLOGY

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3
Q

THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY

This a collection of all organisms living together in an area.

A

COMMUNITY

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4
Q

THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY

This is the place where an organism lives.

A

HABITAT

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5
Q

THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY

This is a largely self-sustaining collection of organisms and their physical environment.

A

ECOSYSTEM

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6
Q

ORGANISMS AND SPECIES

They are the different forms of life on earth, can be classified into different species based on certain characteristics.

A

ORGANISMS

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7
Q

POPULATION, COMMUNITIES, AND ECOSYSTEMS

  • Members of a species interact in ______ called __________.
A

GROUPS; POPULATION

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8
Q

POPULATION, COMMUNITIES, AND ECOSYSTEMS

___________ of different species living and interacting in an area to form a __________.

A

POPULATION; COMMUNITY

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9
Q

POPULATION, COMMUNITIES, AND ECOSYSTEMS

A ____________ interacting with its physical environment of matter and energy is an ____________.

A

COMMUNITY; ECOSYSTEM

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10
Q

A _____________ is a group of interacting individuals of the same species occupying a specific area.

A

POPULATION

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11
Q

In most natural populations, individuals vary slightly in their genetic makeup.

A

GENETIC DIVERSITY

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12
Q

State a factor that limit Population Growth.

A

AVAILABILITY OF MATTER AND ENERGY RESOUCES CAN LIMIT THE NUMBER OF ORGANISMS INA POPULATION.

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13
Q

FACTORS THAT LIMIT POPULATION GROWTH

  • Availability of _____ and _____ _____ can limit the number of organisms in a population.
A

MATTER; ENERGY RESOURCES

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14
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON AREA OF STUDY

This is a study of individual species (e.g., behavior, and adaptations to a certain set of environmental condition); also known as _______ ________.

A

AUTECOLOGY; SPECIES ECOLOGY

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15
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON AREA OF STUDY

This is a study of communities, composition, interaction and relationship with the environment; divided into three studies:

1) POPULATION ECOLOGY
2) COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
3) ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY

A

SYNECOLOGY

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16
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON HABITAT

This is a study of interactions of organisms in water: Marine Ecology (oceanic, deep sea, estuarine) and Freshwater Ecology (lotic and lentic)

A

AQUATIC

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17
Q

What are the three (3) studies under SYNECOLOGY?

A

1) POPULATION ECOLOGY
2) COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
3) ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY

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18
Q

Under AQUATIC, where does MARINE ECOLOGY focus?

A

1) OCEANIC
2) DEEP SEA
3) ESTUARINE

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19
Q

Under AQUATIC, where does FRESHWATER ECOLOGY focus?

A

1) LOTIC
2) LENTIC

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20
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON HABITAT

This is a study of interactions of organisms on land: Forest Ecology, Grassland Ecology, and Desert Ecology

A

TERRESTRIAL

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21
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON HABITAT

This is the study of interactions of organisms based on advancement and specialization: Microbial Ecology and Coral Reef Ecology.

A

BY SPECIALIZATION

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21
Q

What are the TWO (2) CLASSIFICATIONS OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON AREA OF STUDY?

A

1) AUTECOLOGY (SPECIES ECOLOGY)
2) SYNECOLOGY

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22
Q

What are the THREE (3) CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON HABITAT?

A

1) AQUATIC
2) TERRESTRIAL
3) BY SPECIALIZATION

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23
Q

What are the TWO (2) types of AQUATIC ECOLOGY?

A

1) MARINE ECOLOGY
2) FRESHWATER ECOLOGY

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24
What are the THREE (3) types of TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY?
1) FOREST ECOLOGY 2) GRASSLAND ECOLOGY 3) DESERT ECOLOGY
25
What are the TWO (2) types of BY SPECIALIZATIONE COLOGY?
1) MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2) CORAL REEF ECOLOGY
26
What sustains life on earth?
1) SOLAR ENERGY 2) CYCLING OF MATTER 3) GRAVITY
27
CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM This is the basic ___________ and ____________ unit of ECOLOGY.
ECOSYSTEM; STRUCTURAL; FUNCTIONAL
28
CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM According to this source, ecosystems are basic units of nature on the face of the earth.
TANSLEY (1935)
29
CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM According to this source, ecosystem is an ecological unit, or a subdivision of the landscape, or a geographic area that is relatively homogenous and reasonably distinct from the adjacent areas.
MAR (1961)
30
CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM According to this source, ecosystem is the basic functional unit in ecology since it includes both organisms (biotic) & abiotic environment, each influencing the properties of each other and both necessary for the maintenance of life.
ODUM (1971)
31
CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM According to Tansley (1935) ecosystems are _____ _____ of nature on the ______ of the earth.
BASIC UNITS; FACE
32
CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM According to Mar (1961), an ecosystem is an ______ ________, or a __________ of the __________, or a ____________ _______ that is relatively __________and reasonably _________ from the adjacent areas.
ECOLOGICAL UNIT; SUBDIVISION; LANDSCAPE; GEOGRAPHIC AREA; DISTINCT
33
CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM According Odum (1971), ecosystem is the _____ ______ _______ in ecology since it includes both organisms (________) & __________ environment, each __________ the ___________ of each other and both _________ for the ___________ of life.
BASIC FUNCTIONAL UNIT; BIOTIC; ABIOTIC; INFLUENCING; NECESSARY; MAINTENANCE
34
CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM An ECOSYSTEM can be a _____ ________ _________, the space may be geographically _______ or _________.
SPATIAL FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE; LARGE; SMALL
35
Cite examples of GEOGRAPHICALLY LARGE ECOSYSTEMS.
BIOSPHERE; CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM/TROPICAL RAINFOREST
36
Cite examples of GEOGRAPHICALLY SMALL ECOSYSTEMS.
MICROCOSM (SUCH AS A ROTTING LOG)
37
PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS What property is this? It is diverse and complex because of its interdependent interactions.
ECOSYSTSEMS FORM INTERDEPENDENT NETWORKS
38
PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS What property is this? May be spatial or temporal scales. Limiting factors affect and shape ecosystems.
ECOSYSTEMS HAVE BOUNDARIES (LIMITS)
39
PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS What property is this? Biogeochemical Cycles
RECYCLONG OF RESOURCES AND ITS SYNERGISTIC RELATIONSHIP
40
PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS Ecosystems form interdependent variables: It is ______ and __________ because of its ___________ __________.
DIVERSE; COMPLEX; INTERDEPENDENT; INTERACTIONS
41
PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS Ecosystems have boundaries (limits); may be __________ or ________ scales. ____________ __________ affect and shape ecosystems.
SPATIAL; TEMPORAL SCALES; LIMITING FACTORS
42
PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS Example of RECYCLING OF SOURCES AND IYTS SYNERGISTIC RELATIONSHIP
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
43
PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS What property is this? The main source: Solar Radiation (sun)
ENERGY FLOWS OF THROUGH THE ECOSYSTEM
44
PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS What property is this? Succession and co-evolution are the main driving forces.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECOSYSTEM IS DYNAMIC
45
PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS Energy flows of through the ecosystem: The main source is _______________.
SOLAR RADIATION (SUN)
46
PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS Development of an ecosystem is dynamic. ___________ and ___________ are the main driving forces.
SUCCESSION; CO-EVOLUTION
47
Examples of NON-LIVING (ABIOTIC) components.
1) GEOLOGIC 2) CLIMATE (HUMIDTY, TEMPERATURE) 3) PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS (pH, dissolved O_2 & etc.)
48
Examples of LIVING (BIOTIC) COMPONENTS.
1) PLANYS AND ANIMALS (ALL VING ORGANISMS) 2) MICROBES
49
Energy follows a ___________ flow in an ecosystem.
LINEAR
50
While energy flows in a linear flow, these are recycled.
NUTRIENTS/MATERIALS
51
Energy flows into the _____________ world from the ___________.
BIOLOGICAL; SUN
52
These capture sunlight and transform it into chemical energy by photosynthesis.
PRODUCERS; AUTOTROPHS
53
These obtain their energy from consuming plants or other animals.
CONSUMERS; HETEROTROPHS
54
They get their food by eating or breaking down all or parts of other organisms or their remains.
CONSUMERS; HETEROTROPHS
55
These are PRIMARY CONSUMERS that eat producers.
HERBIVORES
56
- These are PRIMARY CONSUMERS that eat PRIMARY CONSUMERS. - Third and higher level consumers: they eat each other
CARNIVORES
57
They feed on both plant and animals.
OMNIVORES
58
In the energy flow in ecosystems, who are at the FIRST TROPHIC LEVEL?
PRODUCERS OR PLANTS
59
In the energy flow in ecosystems, who are at the SECOND TROPHIC LEVEL?
PRIMARY CONSUMERS (HERBIVORES)
60
In the energy flow in ecosystems, who are at the THIRD TROPHIC LEVEL?
SECONDARY CONSUMERS (CARNIVORES)
61
In the energy flow in ecosystems, who are at the FOURTH TROPHIC LEVEL?
TERTIARY CONSUMERS (TOP CARNIVORES)
62
These show how trophic levels are connected to one another in an ecosystem.
FOOD CHAINS; WEBS
63

ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) (12 decks)

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