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ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) > Finals - THE STUDY OF ECOLOGY & THE CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEMS > Flashcards

Finals - THE STUDY OF ECOLOGY & THE CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEMS Flashcards

1
Q

THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY

-This is the study of interactions of living organisms with one another and their physical environment.

A

ECOLOGY

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2
Q

THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY

  • This is a study of CONNECTIONS in nature.
  • How organisms interact with one another and with their nonliving environment.
A

ECOLOGY

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3
Q

THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY

This a collection of all organisms living together in an area.

A

COMMUNITY

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4
Q

THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY

This is the place where an organism lives.

A

HABITAT

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5
Q

THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY

This is a largely self-sustaining collection of organisms and their physical environment.

A

ECOSYSTEM

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6
Q

ORGANISMS AND SPECIES

They are the different forms of life on earth, can be classified into different species based on certain characteristics.

A

ORGANISMS

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7
Q

POPULATION, COMMUNITIES, AND ECOSYSTEMS

  • Members of a species interact in ______ called __________.
A

GROUPS; POPULATION

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8
Q

POPULATION, COMMUNITIES, AND ECOSYSTEMS

___________ of different species living and interacting in an area to form a __________.

A

POPULATION; COMMUNITY

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9
Q

POPULATION, COMMUNITIES, AND ECOSYSTEMS

A ____________ interacting with its physical environment of matter and energy is an ____________.

A

COMMUNITY; ECOSYSTEM

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10
Q

A _____________ is a group of interacting individuals of the same species occupying a specific area.

A

POPULATION

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11
Q

In most natural populations, individuals vary slightly in their genetic makeup.

A

GENETIC DIVERSITY

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12
Q

State a factor that limit Population Growth.

A

AVAILABILITY OF MATTER AND ENERGY RESOUCES CAN LIMIT THE NUMBER OF ORGANISMS INA POPULATION.

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13
Q

FACTORS THAT LIMIT POPULATION GROWTH

  • Availability of _____ and _____ _____ can limit the number of organisms in a population.
A

MATTER; ENERGY RESOURCES

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14
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON AREA OF STUDY

This is a study of individual species (e.g., behavior, and adaptations to a certain set of environmental condition); also known as _______ ________.

A

AUTECOLOGY; SPECIES ECOLOGY

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15
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON AREA OF STUDY

This is a study of communities, composition, interaction and relationship with the environment; divided into three studies:

1) POPULATION ECOLOGY
2) COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
3) ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY

A

SYNECOLOGY

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16
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON HABITAT

This is a study of interactions of organisms in water: Marine Ecology (oceanic, deep sea, estuarine) and Freshwater Ecology (lotic and lentic)

A

AQUATIC

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17
Q

What are the three (3) studies under SYNECOLOGY?

A

1) POPULATION ECOLOGY
2) COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
3) ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY

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18
Q

Under AQUATIC, where does MARINE ECOLOGY focus?

A

1) OCEANIC
2) DEEP SEA
3) ESTUARINE

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19
Q

Under AQUATIC, where does FRESHWATER ECOLOGY focus?

A

1) LOTIC
2) LENTIC

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20
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON HABITAT

This is a study of interactions of organisms on land: Forest Ecology, Grassland Ecology, and Desert Ecology

A

TERRESTRIAL

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21
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON HABITAT

This is the study of interactions of organisms based on advancement and specialization: Microbial Ecology and Coral Reef Ecology.

A

BY SPECIALIZATION

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21
Q

What are the TWO (2) CLASSIFICATIONS OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON AREA OF STUDY?

A

1) AUTECOLOGY (SPECIES ECOLOGY)
2) SYNECOLOGY

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22
Q

What are the THREE (3) CLASSIFICATION OF ECOLOGY; BASED ON HABITAT?

A

1) AQUATIC
2) TERRESTRIAL
3) BY SPECIALIZATION

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23
Q

What are the TWO (2) types of AQUATIC ECOLOGY?

A

1) MARINE ECOLOGY
2) FRESHWATER ECOLOGY

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24
Q

What are the THREE (3) types of TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY?

A

1) FOREST ECOLOGY
2) GRASSLAND ECOLOGY
3) DESERT ECOLOGY

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25
Q

What are the TWO (2) types of BY SPECIALIZATIONE COLOGY?

A

1) MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
2) CORAL REEF ECOLOGY

26
Q

What sustains life on earth?

A

1) SOLAR ENERGY
2) CYCLING OF MATTER
3) GRAVITY

27
Q

CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM

This is the basic ___________ and ____________ unit of ECOLOGY.

A

ECOSYSTEM; STRUCTURAL; FUNCTIONAL

28
Q

CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM

According to this source, ecosystems are basic units of nature on the face of the earth.

A

TANSLEY (1935)

29
Q

CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM

According to this source, ecosystem is an ecological unit, or a subdivision of the landscape, or a geographic area that is relatively homogenous and reasonably distinct from the adjacent areas.

A

MAR (1961)

30
Q

CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM

According to this source, ecosystem is the basic functional unit in ecology since it includes both organisms (biotic) & abiotic environment, each influencing the properties of each other and both necessary for the maintenance of life.

A

ODUM (1971)

31
Q

CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM

According to Tansley (1935) ecosystems are _____ _____ of nature on the ______ of the earth.

A

BASIC UNITS; FACE

32
Q

CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM

According to Mar (1961), an ecosystem is an ______ ________, or a __________ of the __________, or a ____________ _______ that is relatively __________and reasonably _________ from the adjacent areas.

A

ECOLOGICAL UNIT; SUBDIVISION; LANDSCAPE; GEOGRAPHIC AREA; DISTINCT

33
Q

CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM

According Odum (1971), ecosystem is the _____ ______ _______ in ecology since it includes both organisms (________) & __________ environment, each __________ the ___________ of each other and both _________ for the ___________ of life.

A

BASIC FUNCTIONAL UNIT; BIOTIC; ABIOTIC; INFLUENCING; NECESSARY; MAINTENANCE

34
Q

CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM

An ECOSYSTEM can be a _____ ________ _________, the space may be geographically _______ or _________.

A

SPATIAL FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE; LARGE; SMALL

35
Q

Cite examples of GEOGRAPHICALLY LARGE ECOSYSTEMS.

A

BIOSPHERE; CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM/TROPICAL RAINFOREST

36
Q

Cite examples of GEOGRAPHICALLY SMALL ECOSYSTEMS.

A

MICROCOSM (SUCH AS A ROTTING LOG)

37
Q

PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS

What property is this?

It is diverse and complex because of its interdependent interactions.

A

ECOSYSTSEMS FORM INTERDEPENDENT NETWORKS

38
Q

PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS

What property is this?

May be spatial or temporal scales. Limiting factors affect and shape ecosystems.

A

ECOSYSTEMS HAVE BOUNDARIES (LIMITS)

39
Q

PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS

What property is this?

Biogeochemical Cycles

A

RECYCLONG OF RESOURCES AND ITS SYNERGISTIC RELATIONSHIP

40
Q

PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS

Ecosystems form interdependent variables: It is ______ and __________ because of its ___________ __________.

A

DIVERSE; COMPLEX; INTERDEPENDENT; INTERACTIONS

41
Q

PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS

Ecosystems have boundaries (limits); may be __________ or ________ scales. ____________ __________ affect and shape ecosystems.

A

SPATIAL; TEMPORAL SCALES; LIMITING FACTORS

42
Q

PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS

Example of RECYCLING OF SOURCES AND IYTS SYNERGISTIC RELATIONSHIP

A

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

43
Q

PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS

What property is this?

The main source: Solar Radiation (sun)

A

ENERGY FLOWS OF THROUGH THE ECOSYSTEM

44
Q

PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS

What property is this?

Succession and co-evolution are the main driving forces.

A

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECOSYSTEM IS DYNAMIC

45
Q

PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS

Energy flows of through the ecosystem: The main source is _______________.

A

SOLAR RADIATION (SUN)

46
Q

PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEMS

Development of an ecosystem is dynamic. ___________ and ___________ are the main driving forces.

A

SUCCESSION; CO-EVOLUTION

47
Q

Examples of NON-LIVING (ABIOTIC) components.

A

1) GEOLOGIC
2) CLIMATE (HUMIDTY, TEMPERATURE)
3) PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS (pH, dissolved O_2 & etc.)

48
Q

Examples of LIVING (BIOTIC) COMPONENTS.

A

1) PLANYS AND ANIMALS (ALL VING ORGANISMS)
2) MICROBES

49
Q

Energy follows a ___________ flow in an ecosystem.

50
Q

While energy flows in a linear flow, these are recycled.

A

NUTRIENTS/MATERIALS

51
Q

Energy flows into the _____________ world from the ___________.

A

BIOLOGICAL; SUN

52
Q

These capture sunlight and transform it into chemical energy by photosynthesis.

A

PRODUCERS; AUTOTROPHS

53
Q

These obtain their energy from consuming plants or other animals.

A

CONSUMERS; HETEROTROPHS

54
Q

They get their food by eating or breaking down all or parts of other organisms or their remains.

A

CONSUMERS; HETEROTROPHS

55
Q

These are PRIMARY CONSUMERS that eat producers.

A

HERBIVORES

56
Q
  • These are PRIMARY CONSUMERS that eat PRIMARY CONSUMERS.
  • Third and higher level consumers: they eat each other
A

CARNIVORES

57
Q

They feed on both plant and animals.

58
Q

In the energy flow in ecosystems, who are at the FIRST TROPHIC LEVEL?

A

PRODUCERS OR PLANTS

59
Q

In the energy flow in ecosystems, who are at the SECOND TROPHIC LEVEL?

A

PRIMARY CONSUMERS (HERBIVORES)

60
Q

In the energy flow in ecosystems, who are at the THIRD TROPHIC LEVEL?

A

SECONDARY CONSUMERS (CARNIVORES)

61
Q

In the energy flow in ecosystems, who are at the FOURTH TROPHIC LEVEL?

A

TERTIARY CONSUMERS (TOP CARNIVORES)

62
Q

These show how trophic levels are connected to one another in an ecosystem.

A

FOOD CHAINS; WEBS

ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) (12 decks)

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