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ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) > Midterm - Cells, Tissues, Organs & Organ Systems (P.1) > Flashcards

Midterm - Cells, Tissues, Organs & Organ Systems (P.1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells?

A

1) CELLS ARE THE BASIC OR FUNDAMENTAL UNITS OF LIFE
2) ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS

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2
Q

What are the two (2) types of cells?

A

1) PROKARYOTIC CELLS
2) EUKARYOTIC CELLS

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3
Q

This simpler type of cells LACK NUCLEI and other membrane-bound organelles.

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

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4
Q

What are the two domains of PROKARYOTIC CELLS?

A

1) ARCHAEA
2) EUBACTERIA

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5
Q

This type of cell is larger and has many membrane-bound organelles!

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

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6
Q

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having?

A

1) DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope.
2) Have membrane-bound organelles
3) Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus.

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7
Q

Where is the cytoplasm located in EUKARYOTIC CELLS?

A

Between the plasma membrane and nucleus

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8
Q

Which of the two types of cells are generally larger?

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

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9
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: True membrane-bound nucleus

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

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10
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: DNA complexed with histones

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - NO
Eukaryote - YES

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11
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: # of chromosomes

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - 1
Eukaryote - More than one

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12
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Nucleolus

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

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13
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Mitosis

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - NO
Eukaryote - YES

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14
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Genetic Recombination

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - PARTIAL, UNIDIRECTIONAL TRANSFER OF DNA
Eukaryote - MEIOSIS & FUSION OF GAMETES

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15
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Mitochondria

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

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16
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Chloroplasts

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

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17
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Plasma membrane with sterols

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - USUALLY NO
Eukaryote - YES

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18
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Flagella

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - Submicroscopic in size; composed of only one fiber

Eukaryote - Microscopic in size; membrane-bound; usually 20 microtubules in 9+2 pattern

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19
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Endoplasmic Reticulum

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

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20
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Cell Walls

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - Usually chemically complex
Eukaryote - Chemically simpler

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21
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Ribosomes

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - 70S
Eukaryote - 80S (except in mitochondria & chloroplasts)

22
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

23
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Microtubules

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT OR RARE
Eukaryote - PRESENT

24
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Cytoskeleton

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - MAY BE ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

25
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Vacuoles

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - PRESENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

26
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Vesicles

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - PRESENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

27
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: DIFFERENTIATION

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - Rudimentary
Eukaryote - Tissues and Organs

28
Q

In the hierarchy of biological organization, what is the fundamental unit of life?

29
Q

Everything an animal does is ultimately happening at what level?

A

CELLULAR LEVEL

30
Q

State the hierarchy of biological organization from simplest to most complex

A

ATOMS
I
SIMPLE MOLECULES
I
MACROMOLECULES
I
MEMBRANES
I
ORGANELLES
I
CELLS
I
TISSUES
I
ORGANS
I
ORGAN SYSTEMS
I
ANIMAL

31
Q

What are the THREE (3) BASIC PARTS of ALL EUKARYOTES?

A

1) CELL MEMBRANE
2) CYTOPLASM
3) NUCLEUS

32
Q

Basic Features of Cells

This encloses the cell and MEDIATES interactions between cell and its enviornment.

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

33
Q

The plasma membrane ________ the cell and _________ interactions between the cells and its _________.

A

ENCLOSES; MEDIATES; ENVIRONMENT

34
Q

Cells _____ and ______ ______ as hereditary blueprints in the ______________.

A

USE; CARRY; DNA; CHROMOSOMES

35
Q

Cell USE and CARRY DNA as ____________ ___________ in the chromosomes.

A

HEREDITARY BLUEPRINTS

36
Q

Cells have these to synthesize proteins.

37
Q

Cells do what to energy and nutrients?

A

OBTAIN & UTILIZE

38
Q

What is CELL FUNCTION limited by?

39
Q

Cells are ______ in ________ and ________.

A

DIVERSE; FORM; FUNCTION

40
Q

Cell Membranes provide what?

A

INTERNAL COMPARTMENTALIZATION

41
Q

This system in the cell membrane provides local environments for varying processes to occur.

A

INTERNAL COMPARTMENTALIZATION

42
Q

Membrane are ________ to other membranes within the cell.

A

COMPATIBLE

43
Q

Why are most cells ______?

44
Q

Cells are limited in size by the what?

A

SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO between their OUTER SURFACE ARE AND VOLUME.

45
Q

What is SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO that limits cell size is between?

A

OUTER SA and VOLUME

46
Q

Who controls a certain amount of living cytoplasm (or cell contents) I in cells?

47
Q

As the radius of a sphere increases, its volume _________ more rapidly than its surface area.

48
Q

If the cell volume becomes __________, adequate _________ of nutrients and _______ cannot occur across the _________ _________.

A

TOO LARGE; EXHANGE; WASTE; PLASMA MEMBRANE

49
Q

What is the formula for the relationships between surface area and volume?

A

SA/V = surface-area-to-volume-ratio

50
Q

Under “Cell Shape and Function”, what are the two (2) key conclusions?

A

1) DIVERSITY OF FORM REFLECTS A DIVERSITY OF FUNCTION
2) THE SHAPE OF A CELL DEPENDS ON ITS FUNCTION

ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) (12 decks)

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