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ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) > Midterm - Cells, Tissues, Organs & Organ Systems (P.3) > Flashcards

Midterm - Cells, Tissues, Organs & Organ Systems (P.3) Flashcards

1
Q

This is the INFORMATION CENTER.

A

NUCLEUS

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2
Q

What are the 4 MAJOR FUNCTIONS of the NUCLEUS?

A
  • Contains DNA
  • Control and Information Center
  • Directs chemical reactions
  • Stores genetic information
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3
Q

This region in the nucleus contains many PORES that allow material to enter and leave the nucleus.

A

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

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4
Q

The __________ in the nucleus have DNA organized into ________ - which are specific DNA sequences that _________ and_________ cell activities.

A

CHROMOSOMES; GENES; CONTROL; REGULATE

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5
Q

The nucleus is a _______________ for ___________

A

PRE-ASSEMBLY POINT; RIBOSOMES

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

The nuclear pore is a ________ for _______ and ________.

A

PASSAGE; RNA; PROTEINS

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8
Q

This is the site of the assembly of ribosome units.

A

NUCLEOLUS

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9
Q

Where are PROTEINS synthesized?

A

RIBOSOMES

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10
Q

These ribosomes synthesize proteins that will function in the __________.

A

FREE-FLOATING; CYTOSOL

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11
Q

What are the TWO parts of the CYTOPLASM?

A

1) CYTOMEMBRANE SYSTEM
2) THE AQUEOUS PART CONSISTS OF THE FLUID CYTOSOL

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12
Q

Ribosomes attached to the ________ SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS that function inside of organelles or outside of the cell.

A

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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13
Q

What are the FOUR (4) PARTS of the CYTOMEMBRANE SYSTEM?

A

1) ER
2) GOLGI APPARATUS
3) VACUOLES
4) VESICLES

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14
Q

Another term of “CYTOMEMBRANE SYSTEM”

A

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

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15
Q

This is a series of channels that transport proteins.

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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16
Q

This is the site of ribosome attachment and also stores enzymes and proteins.

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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17
Q

The ER stores ___________ and __________.

A

ENZYMES; PROTEINS

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18
Q

What does the ER transport?

A

PROTEINS

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19
Q

What are the TWO (2) TYPES OF ER?

A

1) SMOOTH ER
2) ROUGH ER

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20
Q

This organ in the CYTOMEMBRANE SYSTEM aids in the SYNTHESIS and SECRETION of glycoproteins.

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

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21
Q

It aids in PROCESSING and MODIFYING other materials (e.g., enzymes)

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

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22
Q

The nucleus controls what?

A

PROTEIN PRODUCTION

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23
Q

Specifies the recipe for the proteins; contained in the nucleus.

A

DNA

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24
Q

The nucleus contains the ________, which synthesizes ribosomes.

A

NUCLEOLUS

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25
Q

What matches the sequence of DNA?

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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26
Q

This is a copy of the genetic information; it carries the recipe for making proteins.

A

mRNA

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27
Q

Match:

Nucleus = Control and Information Center
Endomembrane System = ?

A

PROTEIN PRODUCTION & LOCALIZATION

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28
Q

The ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM is composed of?

A

1) SMOOT & ROUGH ER
2) GOLGI COMPLEXES/BODIES
3) VESICLES

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29
Q

Proteins that will be _________ move from ribosomes into the _________, where they are modified and folded into their exact 3d shape.

A

SECRETED; ROUGH ER

30
Q

These move from the rER to the GOLGI APPARATUS.

A

TRANSPORT VESICLES

31
Q

This is a stack of membrane sacs that act as a “processing center”.

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

32
Q

Proteins leaving the Golgi are ________ and _______ into _____ ______ ________.

A

SORTED; PACKAGED; NEW; TRANPSORT; VESICLES

33
Q

Where in PANCREATIC CELLS are insulin synthesized and secreted into the bloodstream?

34
Q

In these cells’ Rough ER, insulin is synthesized and secreted into the bloodstream.

A

PANCREATIC CELLS

35
Q

This is important in the synthesis of LIPIDS, the metabolism of carbohydrates, and the detoxification of drugs and poisons.

36
Q

The SMOOTH ER is important in which?

A

1) SYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS
2) METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
3) DETOXIFICATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS AND POISONS

37
Q

Sex hormones are produced in the cells’s?

38
Q

Detoxification in LIVER CELLS involves adding ___________ to drug molecules making them more soluble and easy to flush out of the body.

A

HYDROXYL GROUPS

39
Q

Increasing the amount of __________ or _________ also increases the ___________________ of the __________. Thus ultimately, increases the ____________ of the cell and therefore, an increase in the dosage or amount that is taken in.

A

TOXINS; DRUGS; PROLIFERATION; TOLERANCE

40
Q

What cellular activity is linked to LYSOSOMES?

A

CELLULAR DIGESTION

41
Q

Lysosomes contain what enzymes?

A

HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES

42
Q

Some transport vesicles leaving the Golgi carry enzymes that catalyze what reactions?

A

HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS

43
Q

These vesicles fuse with ___________, where cellular digestion of large molecules occurs.

44
Q

Plant cells have large what?

A

CENTRAL VACUOLES

45
Q

These two are membrane-bound sacs that story many materials.

A

1) VESICLES
2) VACUOLES

46
Q

This type of cell often have ONE LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLE. This fills with ________, making the cell _________.

A

PLANT CELL; WATER; RIGID

47
Q

Plant cells lack _________. Digestion occurs in __________________.

A

LYSOSOMES; LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLES

48
Q

What cell activity takes place inside the MITOCHONDRIA?

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

49
Q

These are the power plants of the cell.

A

MITOCHONDRIA

50
Q

These convert the chemical energy stored in food into smaller molecules for cell use.

A

MITOCHONDRIA

51
Q

Mitochondria have two membranes, _________ and _________.

A

INNER; OUTER

52
Q

This part of the mitochondria is folded up to increase the surface area for chemical reactions.

A

INNER MEMBRANE OF MITOCHONDRIA

53
Q

In the MITOCHONDRIA, what region contains the mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA)?

54
Q

In the MITOCHONDRIA, what part increases the surface area?

55
Q

The folding of the inner membrane of the mitochondria increases the amount of what?

A

SURFACE AREA TO DO CHEMICAL REACTIONS

56
Q

Chloroplasts harvest energy from ________?

57
Q

Wukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis include ________ and some ________.

A

PLANTS; PROTISTS

58
Q

These organelles convert energy from sunlight into energy stored in sugar molecules.

A

CHLOROPLAST

59
Q

Carbohydrates made in ________ travel to the mitochondria, which extract the energy to use for cellular processes.

A

CHLOROPLASTS

60
Q

Carbohydrates made in chloroplasts travel to what organelle for energy extraction?

A

MITOCHONDIRA

61
Q

This is a network of protein filaments that give the cell its shape.

A

CYTOSKLETEON

62
Q

The cytoskeleton is a network of _________________ that give the cell its _________.

A

PROTEIN FILAMENTS; SHAPE

63
Q

This can help transport materials across the cell.

A

CYTOSKELETON

64
Q

This is a part of the cytoskeleton that help move chromosomes during cell division.

A

CENTRIOLES

65
Q

What are the THREE (3) Types of Cytoskeleton?

A

1) MICROFILAMENTS
2) INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
3) MICROTUBULES

66
Q

What is the FOUR (4) FUNCTIONS of Cytoskeleton?

A

1) STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
2) AIDS IN CELL DIVISION
3) ORGANELLE TRANSPORT
4) CELL MOVEMENT

67
Q

These parts play a part in cell movement.

A

CILIA; FLAGELLA

68
Q

What make up structures called cilia and flagella that protrude out from cells?

A

MICROTUBULES

69
Q

These cells need cilia to push particles like dust out of the respiratory tract.

A

AIRWAY CELLS

70
Q

These cells use flagella to swim.

ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) (12 decks)

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