Putting It Together Chp. 5-7 Flashcards
Van Dale is trying to read Joe’s essay, but the handwriting is really small and letters are crunched together. She can make out the pattern of some of Joe’s letters, and is guessing at the others. What type of processing is Ms. Van Dale using?
Bottom-up processing
Stefano worked at his desk preparing his presentation for English class. He finished his rough draft and sent it to the printer. His printer only printed the first page and signaled that it was out of paper. Stefano decided to make a list of what he needed to get at the store besides printer paper. Then he realized that his route to the store takes him past his girlfriend’s house. He thinks about stopping for a minute, but then remembers that he borrowed a tool from her dad. He needs to return the tool. This type of memory retrieval is:
spreading activation.
Carrie is preparing her school lunch and sees leftovers in the refrigerator. She doesn’t remember when her mom cooked the meal, so it may not have been very recently. She’s running late and needs to make a quick decision. She says to herself, “When in doubt, throw it out” and chooses something else. What problem-solving method is she using?
Heuristic
The levels-of-processing approach
states that deeper processing of material usually leads to more permanent retention.
The tendency to complete figures that are incomplete is known as ________.
closure
Suppose that you belong to an organization that plans to sponsor a speaker for next semester. At the planning meeting, the group members begin by dividing the project into four components: choosing the speaker, making arrangements for the speaker’s travel, fundraising, and publicity. This arrangement is closest to the problem-solving strategy called the means-ends heuristic.
True
Kele has a history assignment that requires her to recall the events of World War II taking place in the Pacific and in Europe. She plans to sketch a timeline showing the timing of major battles on both fronts, their duration, and their overlapping time frames. Which kind of cognitive load is unavoidable if she is to complete the learning task?
Intrinsic
Ms. Cicardo wants her students to remember the material they are covering in language arts. They will need the information in units of study throughout the year. To support their learning, she creates diagrams on chart paper and posts them on the wall for children to see. She provides a handout with printed instructions and explains the material as students look at their handouts. What is Ms. Cicardo using to help students learn and store the information and retrieve it later?
Dual coding
The first thing that comes to mind when asked to name an example from a category is called the ________.
prototype
According to Atkinson and Shiffrin’s classic theory,
short-term memory and long-term memory are distinctly different processes.
Suppose that you are listening to an announcer read the names of the winners in an athletic event. You recall the last four names accurately, but you can’t recall the names that appeared earlier in the list. This phenomenon is called as the primacy effect.
False
Alec still remembers how to touch-type, even though it has been three years since he has practiced. The memory system most directly involved here is semantic.
False
Relearning material is often easier than learning new material.
True
Mark suffered a blow to the head many weeks ago, causing retrograde amnesia. Which of the following incidences is Mark LEAST likely to remember?
events that took place just prior to his injury
Evelyn notices that a screw on her bicycle is loose, and she doesn’t have a screwdriver with her. So she searches through her pocket and finds a dime, which is the appropriate thickness to tighten the screw. Evelyn has demonstrated
overcoming functional fixedness.
