Chapter 4 Learner Differences & Learning Needs Flashcards
Learner Differences and Learning Needs
Individualized Education Program (IEP)
Annually revised program for an exceptional student
Section 504
A part of civil rights law that prevents discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal funds, such as public schools
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
Federal Legislation prohibiting discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, transportation, public access, local government, and telecommunications
Learning Disability
Problems with the acquisition and use of language; may show up as difficulty with reading, writing, reasoning, or math
Learned Helplessness
The expectation, based on previous experiences with a lack of control, that all of one’s efforts will lead to failure
What communication disorder has the inability to produce sounds effectively for speaking
Speech Disorder
Which language disorder is characterized by disruptions in the production of speech sounds, commonly called stuttering
Fluency Disorder
This communication disorder has a variety of pronunciation difficulties, such as the substitution, distraction, or omission of sounds
Articulation Disorders
This communication disorder makes it difficult for a child to have appropriate pitch, quality, loudness, or intonation
Voicing Problems
What disorder involves behaviors or emotions that deviate so much from the norm that they interfere with the child’s growth and development and/or the lives of others
Behavioral and Emotional Disorders
What is defined as significantly below-average intellectual and adaptive social behavior, evident before age 18
Intellectual Disabilities/Mental Retardation
What program is set up to gradually prepare students with special needs to move from high school into further education or training, employment, or community involvement
Transition Program
A child struggling with verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, usually before age 3 potentially has what disorder
Autism/Austim Spectrum Disorder
Sara is demonstrating outstanding aptitude and competencies in one or more of many domains. She could be placed in what program at school?
Gifted and Talented
The Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) is what?
Educating each child with peers in the general education classroom to the greatest extent possible
Teaching children with disabilities in regular classes for part or all of their school day
Mainstreaming
A child with special needs who has been integrated is doing what?
Fitting into an existing class structure
The integration of all students, including those with severe disabilities, into regular classes is considered what
Inclusion
What does an Individualized education program (IEP) detail
achievement level, goals, and strategies, drawn up by teachers, parents, specialists, and the student
What amendment guarantees a free public education to all children regardless of disability
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Learning style is defined as what?
The way a person approaches learning and studying
Joss likes to study with other people and finds she remembers best if she draws a picture about the topic Joss is showing what?
A learning preference
In the meeting, everyone was throwing out ideas without any thought to evaluate them. What kind of meeting is this?
Brainstorming
What is restructuring?
Conceiving of a problem in a new or different way
Billy was asked to show up to work with an idea to solve the marketing problem. He showed up with eight different ways to solve the problems what type of thinking is Billy demonstrating?
Divergent
What are the three aspects of divergent thinking?
Originality, fluency, and flexibility
Byron can always pass multiple choice tests even if he doesn’t know the subject very well. What type of thinker is he?
Convergent
What requires extensive knowledge, flexibility, and the continual reorganizing of ideas as we as motivation and persistence.
Creativity
Lauren was tested on her reading abilities and was able to read books that most 10-year-olds can but she is only 7 years old. This test showed she has a ________________ of 10 years old.
Mental Age
Formula for Intelligent Quotient
Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100
Deviation IQ
Score based on a statistical comparison of an individual’s performance with the average performance of others in that age group
The Flynn effect shows that IQ test scores are steadily rising due to what four factors
better health, smaller families, increased complexity in the environment, and better schooling
What theory is a cognitive approach to understanding intelligence that focuses on the skills needed to be successful?
Triarchic theory of successful intelligence
What three skills are required for successful intelligence
analytic, creative, and practical
Which skill requires evaluating, analyzing, judging, comparing, and contrasting to deal with relatively familiar problems?
Analytic Skills
Creative skills are necessary to cope successfully with new experiences in what two ways?
Insight and automaticity
The phrase “thinking outside the box” refers to what skill
Insight
Carl has been driving for 10 years. One day on his way to work the truck in front of him blew a tire. Without having to think about it Carl knew he could swerve to the left lane because no one was in that lane. What skill is he showing?
Automaticity
Name the eight intelligences of Gardners theory of Multiple Intelligence
Mathematical-Logical, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalist, Linguistic, Spatial, Bodily-kinesthetic,
General Intelligence (g)
A general factor in cognitive ability that is related in varying degrees to performance on all mental tests
What are the mental efficiency, and nonverbal abilities grounded in brain development?
Fluid Intelligence
What is fluid intelligence sensitive to?
Injuries, disease, and neurological systems
What is the ability to apply culturally approved problem-solving methods?
Crystallized Intelligence
Crystallized intelligence can increase throughout the lifespan because?
It includes learned skills and knowledge
When Sam’s teacher referred to him as hard of hearing Sam asked the teacher to refer to him as deaf. Sam is proud to identify as deaf. What is this called?
Identity-first reference
Intelligence
Ability or abilities to acquire and use knowledge for solving problems and adapting to the world
The inability to do something specific such as walk or hear
Disability
Handicap
A disadvantage in a particular situation, sometimes caused by a disability
