Chapter 4 Learner Differences & Learning Needs

Question 1

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

Answer 1

Annually revised program for an exceptional student

Question 2

Section 504

Answer 2

A part of civil rights law that prevents discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal funds, such as public schools

Question 3

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

Answer 3

Federal Legislation prohibiting discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, transportation, public access, local government, and telecommunications

Question 4

Learning Disability

Answer 4

Problems with the acquisition and use of language; may show up as difficulty with reading, writing, reasoning, or math

Question 5

Learned Helplessness

Answer 5

The expectation, based on previous experiences with a lack of control, that all of one’s efforts will lead to failure

Question 6

What communication disorder has the inability to produce sounds effectively for speaking

Answer 6

Speech Disorder

Question 7

Which language disorder is characterized by disruptions in the production of speech sounds, commonly called stuttering

Answer 7

Fluency Disorder

Question 8

This communication disorder has a variety of pronunciation difficulties, such as the substitution, distraction, or omission of sounds

Answer 8

Articulation Disorders

Question 9

This communication disorder makes it difficult for a child to have appropriate pitch, quality, loudness, or intonation

Answer 9

Voicing Problems

Question 10

What disorder involves behaviors or emotions that deviate so much from the norm that they interfere with the child’s growth and development and/or the lives of others

Answer 10

Behavioral and Emotional Disorders

Question 11

What is defined as significantly below-average intellectual and adaptive social behavior, evident before age 18

Answer 11

Intellectual Disabilities/Mental Retardation

Question 12

What program is set up to gradually prepare students with special needs to move from high school into further education or training, employment, or community involvement

Answer 12

Transition Program

Question 13

A child struggling with verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, usually before age 3 potentially has what disorder

Answer 13

Autism/Austim Spectrum Disorder

Question 14

Sara is demonstrating outstanding aptitude and competencies in one or more of many domains. She could be placed in what program at school?

Answer 14

Gifted and Talented

Question 15

The Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) is what?

Answer 15

Educating each child with peers in the general education classroom to the greatest extent possible

Question 16

Teaching children with disabilities in regular classes for part or all of their school day

Answer 16

Mainstreaming

Question 16

A child with special needs who has been integrated is doing what?

Answer 16

Fitting into an existing class structure

Question 17

The integration of all students, including those with severe disabilities, into regular classes is considered what

Answer 17

Inclusion

Question 18

What does an Individualized education program (IEP) detail

Answer 18

achievement level, goals, and strategies, drawn up by teachers, parents, specialists, and the student

Question 19

What amendment guarantees a free public education to all children regardless of disability

Answer 19

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Question 20

Learning style is defined as what?

Answer 20

The way a person approaches learning and studying

Question 21

Joss likes to study with other people and finds she remembers best if she draws a picture about the topic Joss is showing what?

Answer 21

A learning preference

Question 22

In the meeting, everyone was throwing out ideas without any thought to evaluate them. What kind of meeting is this?

Answer 22

Brainstorming

Question 23

What is restructuring?

Answer 23

Conceiving of a problem in a new or different way

Question 24

Billy was asked to show up to work with an idea to solve the marketing problem. He showed up with eight different ways to solve the problems what type of thinking is Billy demonstrating?

Answer 24

Divergent

Question 25

What are the three aspects of divergent thinking?

Answer 25

Originality, fluency, and flexibility

Question 26

Byron can always pass multiple choice tests even if he doesn’t know the subject very well. What type of thinker is he?

Answer 26

Convergent

Question 27

What requires extensive knowledge, flexibility, and the continual reorganizing of ideas as we as motivation and persistence.

Answer 27

Creativity

Question 28

Lauren was tested on her reading abilities and was able to read books that most 10-year-olds can but she is only 7 years old. This test showed she has a ________________ of 10 years old.

Answer 28

Mental Age

Question 29

Formula for Intelligent Quotient

Answer 29

Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100

Question 30

Deviation IQ

Answer 30

Score based on a statistical comparison of an individual’s performance with the average performance of others in that age group

Question 31

The Flynn effect shows that IQ test scores are steadily rising due to what four factors

Answer 31

better health, smaller families, increased complexity in the environment, and better schooling

Question 32

What theory is a cognitive approach to understanding intelligence that focuses on the skills needed to be successful?

Answer 32

Triarchic theory of successful intelligence

Question 33

What three skills are required for successful intelligence

Answer 33

analytic, creative, and practical

Question 34

Which skill requires evaluating, analyzing, judging, comparing, and contrasting to deal with relatively familiar problems?

Answer 34

Analytic Skills

Question 35

Creative skills are necessary to cope successfully with new experiences in what two ways?

Answer 35

Insight and automaticity

Question 36

The phrase “thinking outside the box” refers to what skill

Answer 36

Insight

Question 37

Carl has been driving for 10 years. One day on his way to work the truck in front of him blew a tire. Without having to think about it Carl knew he could swerve to the left lane because no one was in that lane. What skill is he showing?

Answer 37

Automaticity

Question 38

Name the eight intelligences of Gardners theory of Multiple Intelligence

Answer 38

Mathematical-Logical, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalist, Linguistic, Spatial, Bodily-kinesthetic,

Question 39

General Intelligence (g)

Answer 39

A general factor in cognitive ability that is related in varying degrees to performance on all mental tests

Question 40

What are the mental efficiency, and nonverbal abilities grounded in brain development?

Answer 40

Fluid Intelligence

Question 41

What is fluid intelligence sensitive to?

Answer 41

Injuries, disease, and neurological systems

Question 42

What is the ability to apply culturally approved problem-solving methods?

Answer 42

Crystallized Intelligence

Question 43

Crystallized intelligence can increase throughout the lifespan because?

Answer 43

It includes learned skills and knowledge

Question 44

When Sam’s teacher referred to him as hard of hearing Sam asked the teacher to refer to him as deaf. Sam is proud to identify as deaf. What is this called?

Answer 44

Identity-first reference

Question 45

Intelligence

Answer 45

Ability or abilities to acquire and use knowledge for solving problems and adapting to the world

Question 46

The inability to do something specific such as walk or hear

Answer 46

Disability

Question 47

Handicap

Answer 47

A disadvantage in a particular situation, sometimes caused by a disability