Chapter 7 Behavioral Views of Learning

Question 1

The process through which experience causes a permanent change in knowledge or behavior

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

Explanations of learning that focus on external events as the cause of changes in observable behaviors

Answer 2

Behavioral Learning Theories

Question 3

The teaching and therapy approaches based on behavioral views of learning is what?

Answer 3

Applied Behavior Analysis

Question 4

The teachers says South_________ the class replies Dakota. The students are demonstrating what concept?

Answer 4

Contiguity

Question 5

Event that activates behavior

Answer 5

Stimulus

Question 6

Observable reaction to a stimulus

Answer 6

Response

Question 7

Association of two events because of repeated pairing

Answer 7

Contiguity

Question 8

Association of automatic responses with new stimuli

Answer 8

Classical Conditioning

Question 9

Responses (generally automatic or involuntary) elicited by specific stimuli

Answer 9

Respondents

Question 10

Stimulus not connected to a response

Answer 10

Neutral Stimulus

Question 11

Stimulus that automatically produces an emotional or physiological response

Answer 11

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Question 12

Naturally occurring emotional or physiological response

Answer 12

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Question 13

Stimulus that evokes an emotional or physiological response after conditioning

Answer 13

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Question 14

Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

Answer 14

Conditioned Response (CR)

Question 15

Voluntary (and generally goal-directed) behaviors emitted by a person or an animal

Answer 15

Operants

Question 16

Learning in which voluntary behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences or antecedents

Answer 16

Operant Conditioning

Question 17

A word for what people do in a particular situation

Answer 17

Behavior

Question 18

Events that precede an action

Answer 18

Antecedents

Question 19

Events that follow an action

Answer 19

Consequences

Question 20

Use of consequences to strengthen behavior

Answer 20

Reinforcement

Question 21

Any event that follows a behavior and increases the chances that the behavior will occur again

Answer 21

Reinforcer

Question 22

Strengthening behavior by presenting a desired stimulus after the behavior

Answer 22

Positive Reinforcement

Question 23

Strengthening behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when the behavior occurs

Answer 23

Negative Reinforcement

Question 24

Process that weakens or suppresses behavior

Answer 24

Punishment

Question 25

Decreasing the chances that a behavior will occur again by presenting an aversive stimulus following the behavior, also called Type I punishment

Answer 25

Presentation Punishment

Question 26

Decreasing the chances that a behavior will occur again by removing a pleasant stimulus following the behavior, also called Type II punishment

Answer 26

Removal Punishment

Question 27

Reinforcers reduce what?

Answer 27

Tension

Question 28

Presenting a reinforcer after every appropriate response

Answer 28

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

Question 29

Presenting a reinforcer after some but not all responses

Answer 29

Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule

Question 30

Length of time between reinforcers

Answer 30

Interval Schedule

Question 31

Reinforcement based on the number of responses between reinforcers

Answer 31

Ratio Schedule

Question 32

Extinction

Answer 32

The disappearance of a learned response

Question 33

Capacity for the presence or absence of antecedents to cause behaviors

Answer 33

Stimulus Control

Question 34

Instructions that are concise, clear, and specific, and that communicate an expected result. Statements work better than questions

Answer 34

Effective Instruction Delivery (EID)

Question 35

Providing a stimulus that “sets up” a desired behavior

Answer 35

Cueing

Question 36

The application of behavioral learning principles to understand and change behavior

Answer 36

Applied Behavior Analysis

Question 37

The principle states that a more preferred activity can serve as a reinforcer for a less preferred activity

Answer 37

Premack Principle

Question 38

Clean your room and then we can go get ice cream is an example of what principle

Answer 38

Premack Principle

Question 39

Reinforcing each small step of progress toward a desired goal or behavior. It’s reinforcing progress instead of waiting for perfection

Answer 39

Shaping

Question 40

Reinforcing small steps to reach a goal; the small component steps that make up a complex behavior

Answer 40

Successive approximations

Question 41

System for breaking down a task hierarchically into basic skills and subskills

Answer 41

Task Analysis

Question 42

Practicing correct responses immediately after errors

Answer 42

Positive Practice

Question 43

Practice make ________________

Answer 43

Permanent

Question 44

A contract between the teacher and a student specifying what the student must do to earn a particular reward or privilege

Answer 44

Contingency Contract

Question 45

A system in which tokens earned for academic work and positive classroom behavior can be exchanged for some desired reward

Answer 45

Token Reinforcement System

Question 46

What system should only be used in three situations 1) to motivate students who are completely uninterested in their work 2) to encourage students who have consistently failed to make academic progress 3) to deal with a class that is out of control

Answer 46

Token Reinforcement System

Question 47

Arrangement where a class is divided into teams and each team receives demerit points for breaking agreed-upon rules of good behavior

Answer 47

Good Behavior Game

Question 48

Rewards or punishments given to a class as a whole for adhering to or violating rules of conduct

Answer 48

Group Consequences

Question 49

Reprimands

Answer 49

Criticisms for misbehavior; rebukes

Question 50

Response Cost

Answer 50

Punishment by loss of reinforcers

Question 51

Removal of a disruptive student for 5 to 10 minutes

Answer 51

Social Isolation

Question 52

Technically, the removal of all reinforcement. In practice, the isolation of a student from the rest of the class for a brief time

Answer 52

Time Out

Question 53

Procedures used to obtain information about antecedents, behaviors, and consequences to determine the reason or function of the behavior

Answer 53

Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)

Question 54

Interventions designed to replace problem behaviors with new actions that serve the same purpose for the student

Answer 54

Positive Behavior Supports (PBS)

Question 55

A-B-C

Answer 55

Antecedents-Behavior-Consequences

Question 56

Management of your behavior and acceptance of responsibility for your actions. Also the use of behavioral learning principles to change your behavior

Answer 56

Self-Management

Question 57

Controlling (selecting and administering) your reinforcers

Answer 57

Self-Reinforcement

Question 58

Theory that emphasized learning through observation of others

Answer 58

Social Learning Theory

Question 59

Learning by doing and experiencing the consequences of your actions

Answer 59

Enactive Learning

Question 60

Learning by observation and imitation of others-vicarious learning

Answer 60

Observational Learning