Putting it together Chp. 1-4

Question 1

Researchers who are interested in how knowledge or skills are applied to new situations are studying _____________.

Answer 1

Transfer

Question 2

Bryson was three when his neighbor’s house burned down. He heard the loud sirens and saw the fire and trembled with fear. Now he’s starting preschool. He hears the loud bell ring and associates it with the fire and fire trucks and begins to tremble. In this setting, the sound of the bell is:

Answer 2

a conditioned stimulus.

Question 3

Estefan has problems with penmanship. His fine motor skills are not well developed and Mrs. Finch believes that he will never perform well enough to gain reinforcement. Mrs. Finch breaks the task of forming letters with long stems into small steps. First, she expects Estefan to make straight stems. She will reinforce his efforts when he makes straight stems on his writing assignment. In this case, she is using:

Answer 3

Shaping

Question 4

Katie was watching a movie and heard the main character say, “You only use 10% of your brain, and you’re either right-brained or left-brained. Stop working at it. Your brain can’t change. Drink up. At least we know your drinking isn’t killing your brain cells.” What part of the character’s statement is true?

Answer 4

Your drinking isn’t killing your brain cells.

Question 5

Marla took a standardized test and answered 87 of the 100 questions correctly. She took the same test a week later without extra preparation and answered 88 of the 100 questions correctly. This consistency in test scores is indicative of what test characteristic?

Answer 5

Reliability

Question 6

Sullivan conducts research that involves measuring the amount of change in student scores on state math tests at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year for students in top teachers’ classrooms. What type of research is Dr. Sullivan conducting?

Answer 6

Quantitative

Question 7

Which “-ism” reflects the idea that the mind is complex and must be broken into singular ideas to be studied?

Answer 7

Structuralism

Question 8

The formation of synapses is:

Answer 8

both genetically programmed and formed through experience.

Question 9

Which of the following is a brain-imaging method in which radioactive sugar is injected into the subject and a computer compiles a color-coded image of the activity of the brain?

Answer 9

positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 10

Yancey turns on the water faucet to get a drink. What schedule of reinforcement typically prevails?

Answer 10

Continuous

Question 11

What part of the brain coordinates and orchestrates skilled movements?
Correct!

Answer 11

Cerebellum

Question 12

Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus true or false.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Some individual differences, such as cultural differences for example, may distort information obtained from an assessment. This is referred to as

Answer 13

bias.

Question 14

In Bandura’s social cognitive learning theory, the interaction among personal factors, environmental events, and behaviors is called _______________________________.

Answer 14

triarchic reciprocal causality

Question 15

Staci stopped running in the hallway at school after seeing two other students receive after-school detention for running. What element of observational learning is illustrated by her stopping this behavior?

Answer 15

Vicarious learning

Question 16

Hypotheses are the link between research and education true or false.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Critical periods and sensitive periods are synonymous terms that mean the same thing true or false.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Observational learning theory’s foremost proponent is ________.

Answer 18

Bandura

Question 19

Sampson is a dolphin trainer who trains his dolphins to perform tasks by blowing a high-pitched whistle immediately after the dolphins do the task. The dolphins enjoy the sound of the whistle because it had previously been paired with the fish they were given to eat. Based on this, Sampson is using the whistle as a ________ reinforcer.

Answer 19

Secondary

Question 20

A brain-imaging method called ______________ takes advantage of the magnetic properties of hydrogen atoms to take sharp, three-dimensional images of the brain.

Answer 20

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 21

Self-efficacy refers to individuals’ skill at managing their own study behaviors true or false.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington, DC. The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children’s TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today. The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?

Answer 22

Bandura

Question 23

Mr. Kain believes he can teach any student in his class and help him/her succeed. Mr. Kain demonstrates a teacher who has a strong sense of ________.

Answer 23

teacher self-efficacy

Question 24

The cortex “wrinkles” as a result of fluid filling the brain over the lifespan true or false.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Castello has tried several configurations for students to practice the Spanish conversations they memorize in the book. Students seem to enjoy the task most when they work in pairs around the classroom, and they dread the task when they are required to perform in front of the class. How might Ms. Castello use this information to provide negative reinforcement?

Answer 25

Remove the requirement to perform in front of the class if students focus and perform well in pairs.