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what > ⚔️ Punic Wars > Flashcards

⚔️ Punic Wars Flashcards

1
Q

What war did the Romans fight from 264-241 BC?

A

1st Punic War

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2
Q

What were the years for the First Punic War?

A

264-241 BC

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3
Q

Where did the Carthaginians originate from?

A

Phoenicia

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4
Q

The First Punic War broke out because of a conflict with Carthage over what island?

A

Sicily

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5
Q

What Sicilian city did the Romans besiege in 262 BC?

A

Agrigentum

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6
Q

What kind of Carthaginian ship did the Romans first model their navy on?

A

quinquereme

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7
Q

What is a quinquereme?

A

a ship with five banks of oars

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8
Q

What group of Campanian mercenaries overran Messana after abandoning their agreement to fight for the Syracusans?

A

Mamertines

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9
Q

What does “Mamertines” mean?

A

men of mars

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10
Q

What Sicilian city did the Mamertines overrun after abandoning their agreement to fight for Syracuse?

A

Messana

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11
Q

Who did the Mamertines appeal to for help against the Syracusans?

A

Carthage

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12
Q

When Carthage refused to leave Messana, who did the Mamertines appeal to for help?

A

Rome

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13
Q

Why did the Mamertines appeal to Rome for help?

A

to make Carthage leave Messana

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14
Q

What Sicilian city did the Romans besiege in 264 BC?

A

Messana

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15
Q

The siege of what city in 264 BC began the First Punic War?

A

Messana

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16
Q

What Roman admiral won Rome’s first major naval battle at Mylae in 260 BC?

A

Duilius

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17
Q

At what battle in 260 BC did the Rome win its first major naval battle against the Carthaginians?

A

Mylae

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18
Q

What grappling hook attached to a plank did the Romans use to board enemy ships?

A

corvus

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19
Q

What is a “corvus”?

A

grappling hook attached to a plank

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20
Q

What device did the Romans use to board Carthaginian ships and produce hand to hand combat?

A

corvus

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21
Q

At what battle in 256 BC did Regulus and the Romans defeat the Carthaginian navy?

A

Cape Ecnomus

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22
Q

In what year did Regulus defeat the Carthaginians at Cape Ecnomus?

A

256 BC

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23
Q

What was Regulus’ strategy after winning at Cape Ecnomus?

A

attack Carthage

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24
Q

What Spartan mercenary defeated and captured Regulus at the Bagradas Valley in 255 BC?

A

Xanthippus

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25
Q

At what battle in 255 BC did the Spartan mercenary Xanthippus help the Carthaginians defeat and capture Regulus?

A

Bagradas Valley

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26
Q

What Spartan mercenary did the Carthaginians hire to assist against the Romans?

A

Xanthippus

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27
Q

What Roman was captured after the Bagradas Valley?

A

Regulus

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28
Q

What Roman did the Carthaginians release on the condition that he return to Carthage with acceptable peace terms?

A

Regulus

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29
Q

What happened when Regulus returned to Carthage after refusing to negotiate peace terms with the Romans?

A

he was executed

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30
Q

At what battle in 249 BC was the Roman admiral Claudius Pulcher defeated by the Carthaginians?

A

Drepana

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31
Q

Who threw the sacred chickens overboard before the Drepana because they refused to eat?

A

Claudius Pulcher

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32
Q

Why did Claudius Pulcher throw the sacred chickens overboard before the Drepana?

A

they refused to eat

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33
Q

Who reportedly said “if they won’t eat, let them drink” before he threw the sacred chickens overboard?

A

Claudius Pulcher

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34
Q

What did Claudius Pulcher say before he threw the sacred chickens overboard when they refused to eat?

A

if they won’t eat, let them drink

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35
Q

At what battle in 241 BC did the Romans defeat the Carthaginians and end the First Punic War?

A

Aegates Islands

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36
Q

In what year did the Lutatius Catulus defeat the Carthaginians at the Aegates Islands and end the First Punic War?

A

241 BC

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37
Q

What Roman admiral defeated Carthage at the Aegates Islands and ended the First Punic War?

A

Lutatius Catulus

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38
Q

What island did Rome gain control of at the end of the First Punic War?

A

Sicily

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39
Q

What does the name “Barca” mean in Carthaginian?

A

blitz / lightning

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40
Q

During the First Punic War who was the most brilliant Carthaginian general?

A

Hamilcar Barca

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41
Q

What city in Spain is named after Hamilcar Barca?

A

Barcelona

42
Q

Who led the effort to rebuild the Carthaginian strength after the First Punic War?

A

Hamilcar Barca

43
Q

What Carthaginian made his young son Hannibal swear eternal hatred for Rome in return for the opportunity to join his father’s military exploits?

A

Hamilcar Barca

44
Q

What war did the Romans fight from 218-202 BC?

A

Second Punic War

45
Q

What were the years of the Second Punic War?

A

218-202 BC

46
Q

What war began when Carthage crossed the Ebro River in Spain to attack Saguntum?

A

Second Punic War

47
Q

What river in Spain did Carthage cross to attack Saguntum?

A

Ebro River

48
Q

What treaty from 226 BC did the Carthaginians break by attacking Saguntum?

A

Ebro River Treaty

49
Q

What city did Carthage beseige in 219 BC to begin the Second Punic War?

A

Saguntum

50
Q

What Carthaginian negotiated the Ebro River Treaty with Rome in 226 BC?

A

Hasdrubal

51
Q

What enemy of Rome crossed the Alps with 37 war elephants in 219 BC?

A

Hannibal

52
Q

At what battle in 218 BC did Hannibal defeat Publius Cornelius Scipio and the Romans?

A

Ticinus River

53
Q

Who saved his father in battle at the Ticinus River in 218 BC?

A

Scipio Africanus

54
Q

At what battle in 218 BC did Hannibal defeat Sempronius Longus and the Romans?

A

Trebia River

55
Q

After his victory at the Ticinus River, where did Hannibal defeat the forces of Sempronius Longus?

A

Trebia River

56
Q

At what battle in 217 BC did Hannibal entrap and defeat Flaminius and the Romans?

A

Lake Trasimene

57
Q

What Roman general was defeated by Hannibal at Lake Trasimene in 217 BC?

A

Flaminius

58
Q

At what battle in 216 BC did Hannibal issues the Romans their worst ever defeat?

A

Cannae

59
Q

What two generals were horribly defeated by Hannibal at Cannae in 216 BC?

A

Paulus & Varro

60
Q

How did Hannibal defeat the Romans at Cannae?

A

drew the Romans into the center and surrounded them

61
Q

Which consul died in battle at Cannae in 216 BC?

A

Aemilius Paulus

62
Q

What Roman dictator was known as “the delayer”?

A

Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator

63
Q

What Roman dictator was known as “the shield of Rome”?

A

Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator

64
Q

After Rome’s early catastrophic defeats to Hannibal who was made dictator?

A

Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator

65
Q

What was Quintus Fabius Maximus’ strategy against Hannibal?

A

stay close and harass him but avoid all out battle

66
Q

Who adopted a delaying strategy and avoided all out battle with Hannibal when he was appointed dictator?

A

Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator

67
Q

What does “Cunctator” mean?

A

The Delayer

68
Q

Who was referred to as “the sword of Rome”?

A

Marcellus

69
Q

What Roman general captured Syracuse in Sicily in 211 BC?

A

Marcellus

70
Q

What Sicilian city did Marcellus capture in 211 BC?

A

Syracuse

71
Q

What Syracusan engineer attempted to defend the city from the Romans?

A

Archimedes

72
Q

What are the Spolia Opima?

A

“richest spoils” won by a general who defeated the opposing general in single combat

73
Q

What award was given to a general who defeated the opposing general in single combat?

A

Spolia Opima

74
Q

Who was the third and final Roman to win the Spolia Opima?

A

Marcellus

75
Q

Who won the Spolia Opima by defeating Viridomarus in single combat at Clastidium in 222 BC?

A

Marcellus

76
Q

Who did Marcellus defeat in single combat to win the Spolia Opima in 222 BC?

A

Viridomarus

77
Q

At what battle in 222 BC did Marcellus defeat the Gallic chieftain Viridomarus to win the Spolia Opima?

A

Clastidium

78
Q

Who won the first Spolia Opima by defeating Acron?

A

Romulus

79
Q

Who did Romulus defeat to win the first Spolia Opima?

A

Acron

80
Q

Who defeated Tolumnius at Fidenae to win the second Spolia Opima

A

Cossus

81
Q

Who did Cossus defeat to win the second Spolia Opima?

A

Tolumnius

82
Q

At what battle in 426 BC did Cossus defeat Tolumnius and win the Spolia Opima?

A

Fidenae

83
Q

Who famously shouted “Eureka” and ran naked through the streets of Syracuse when he discovered the principle of buoyancy?

A

Archimedes

84
Q

What did Archimedes shout as he ran naked through the streets of Syracuse after he discovered the principle of buoyancy?

A

Eureka

85
Q

Who said “don’t disturb my circles” referring to his drawings in the sand when Roman soldiers came to kill him?

A

Archimedes

86
Q

What did Archimedes say when the Romans soldiers came to kill him?

A

Don’t distub my circles

87
Q

What brother of Hannibal defended Spain while Hannibal invaded Italy?

A

Hasdrubal

88
Q

What city in Spain did Scipio Africanus capture in 209 BC?

A

Carthago Nova

89
Q

What Roman general captured Carthago Nova in 209 BC?

A

Scipio Africanus

90
Q

At what 207 BC was Hasdrubal killed while trying to bring reinforcements to Hannibal in Italy?

A

Metaurus River

91
Q

What Roman general defeated and killed Hasdrubal at the Metaurus River in 207 BC?

A

Claudius Nero

92
Q

Whose head was thrown into Hannibal’s tent after he was killed at the Metaurus River?

A

Hasdrubal’s

93
Q

What king of Numidia aided Scipio Africanus in defeating Hannibal at Zama in 202 BC?

A

Massinissa

94
Q

Whose Numidian cavalry assisted Scipio Africanus in defeating Hannibal at Zama in 202 BC?

A

Massinissa

95
Q

At what battle in 202 BC did Massinissa help Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal?

A

Zama

96
Q

At what battle in 203 BC did Scipio and Massinissa defeat and capture Syphax?

A

Great Plains

97
Q

What former enemy of Rome became an advisor admiral for the Seleucid monarch Antiochus the Great in a war against Rome?

A

Hannibal

98
Q

For what Seleucid monarch did Hannibal become an advisor admiral for?

A

Antiochus the Great

99
Q

At whose court did Hannibal commit suicide?

A

King Prusias

100
Q

Who committed suicide at the court of King Prusias when the Romans were closing in on him?

A

Hannibal

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