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what > 🌁 Early Republic > Flashcards

🌁 Early Republic Flashcards

1
Q

Who pretended to be a slow-witted man, but lept into action to help Collatinus overthrow the Tarquins?

A

(Lucius) Junius Brutus

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2
Q

Why did Brutus and Collatinus overthrow the Tarquins?

A

rape of Lucretia

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3
Q

Whose rape led Brutus and Collatinus to overthrow the Tarquins?

A

Lucretia

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4
Q

Who became the first two consuls?

A

(Lucius) Junius Brutus & Collatinus

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5
Q

What position was given to Junius Brutus and Collatinus at the start of the Republic?

A

consuls

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6
Q

What Etruscan king tried to capture Rome at the beginning of the Republic?

A

Lars Porsenna

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7
Q

Whose assualt on Rome was twarted by the bravery of Hortaius Cocles at the Pons Sublicius?

A

Lars Porsenna

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8
Q

Who single-handedly defended the Pons Sublicius from the assault of Lars Porsenna?

A

Horatius Cocles

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9
Q

What bridge did Horatius Cocles single-handedly defend from the assault of Lars Porsenna?

A

Pons Sublicius

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10
Q

What does “Cocles” mean?

A

one-eyed

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11
Q

Who swam in his armor back to Rome after defending the Pons Sublicius from Lars Porsenna?

A

Horatius Cocles

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12
Q

What does “Scaevola” mean?

A

Left-Handed / Lefty

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13
Q

What Roman held his right hand in a fire to show Lars Porsenna the resolve of the Roman people?

A

Mucius Scaevola

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14
Q

How did Mucius Scaevola earn his cognomen?

A

held his left hand in a fire to show Lars Porsenna the Romans would not surrender

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15
Q

What Roman woman escaped from Lars Porsenna by swimming across the Tiber?

A

Cloelia

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16
Q

How did Cloelia escape from Lars Porsenna?

A

swam across the Tiber (or rode on horseback)

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17
Q

What happened to Cloelia after she was returned to Lars Porsenna so that a treaty would not be broken?

A

he let her go

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18
Q

What mythical twins were the sons of Zeus and the brothers of Helen?

A

Castor & Pollux

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19
Q

At what battle in 496 B.C. did the Romans defeat the Latins?

A

Lake Regillus

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20
Q

What two mythical brothers urged the Romans to victory at Lake Regillus in 496 BC?

A

Castor & Pollux

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21
Q

What Roman general was victorious at the Lake Regillus?

A

Postumius

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22
Q

Who built a temple for Castor & Pollux after the Lake Regillus?

A

Postumius

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23
Q

What temple did Postumius build after the Lake Regillus?

A

Temple of Castor & Pollux

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24
Q

What Roman noble was expelled from Rome and came back leading an army of Volscians?

A

Coriolanus

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25
Q

What tribe did Coriolanus lead against the Romans?

A

Volsci

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26
Q

How did Gaius Marcius receive the cognomen Coriolanus?

A

led a Volscian tribe from Corioli

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27
Q

Who led an army of Volscians against the Romans?

A

Coriolanus

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28
Q

Name the wife and mother of Coriolanus who persuaded him to turn back from his assault.

A

Veturia (mother) & Volumnia (wife)

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29
Q

What farmer was called from his plow to be dictator during an invasion of Aequi?

A

Cincinnatus

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30
Q

What tribe’s invasion force the Romans to appoint the farmer Cincinnatus as dictator?

A

Aequi

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31
Q

When was a dictator appointed?

A

when one or both consuls were killed

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32
Q

How long did a dictator serve?

A

6 months

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33
Q

What dictator returned to his plow after defeating the Aequi in only 16 days?

A

Cincinnatus

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34
Q

How long did it take for Cincinnatus to defeat the Aequi?

A

16 days

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35
Q

What did Cincinnatus do after defeating the Aequi?

A

returned to his plow

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36
Q

What did the Romans call the aristocrats?

A

patricians

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37
Q

What did the Romans call the commoners?

A

plebeians

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38
Q

What is the term for when the plebeians left the city because of unrest between them and the patricians?

A

Secession of the Plebs

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39
Q

Who delivered a speech about the “belly and the limbs” to convince the plebeians to return to the city?

A

Menenius Agrippa

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40
Q

What did Menenius Agrippa deliver a speech about to convince the plebeians to return to the city?

A

the belly and the limbs

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41
Q

What tribune, in 462 BC, first requested a code of written laws?

A

Terentilius Harsa

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42
Q

What bronze tablets of Roman law were inscribed in 450 BC and posted in the Forum for all to see?

A

Twelve Tables

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43
Q

What commission of 10 men chosen to write the Twelve Tables?

A

Decemviri

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44
Q

What were the Decemviri appointed to do?

A

create a code of laws

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45
Q

Who was the leader of the Decemviri?

A

Appius Claudius

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46
Q

Which decemvir abused his power by trying to take advantage of the maiden Verginia?

A

Appius Claudius

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47
Q

What maiden did the decemvir Appius Claudius try to take advantage of?

A

Verginia

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48
Q

What happened after Appius Claudius tried to take advantage of Verginia?

A

she killed herself

49
Q

What law was passed in 445 BC which legalized marriage between patricians and plebeians?

A

Lex Canuleia

50
Q

Which law made plebiscite (laws passed by the Concilium Plebis) legally binding?

A

Lex Canuleia

51
Q

What law of 287 BC removed the restriction that plebian laws be approved by the Comitia Centuriata?

A

Lex Hortensia

52
Q

What law of 367 BC required at least one consul to be plebeian?

A

Sexto-Licinian Law

53
Q

What was the major effect of the Sexto-Licinian Law?

A

at least one consul had to be plebeian

54
Q

Who was the first plebeian consul?

A

Lucius Sextius

55
Q

What office was Lucius Sextius the first plebeian to hold?

A

consul

56
Q

Who was referred to as “The Second Founder of Rome”?

A

Camillus

57
Q

What honorific title was given to Camillus?

A

The Second Founder of Rome

58
Q

Which Roman led the capure of Veii in 396 BC?

A

Camillus

59
Q

What nearby city did Camillus capture in 396 BC?

A

Veii

60
Q

How did Camillus capture Veii?

A

tunneled under its walls

61
Q

Who tunneled under the walls of Veii to capture the city in 396 BC?

A

Camillus

62
Q

What Gallic chieftain sacked Rome in 390 BC?

A

Brennus

63
Q

At what battle in 390 BC did Brennus and the Gauls defeat the Romans?

A

Allia River

64
Q

Who defeated the Romans at the Allia River in 390 BC?

A

Brennus

65
Q

Where did the Romans retreat to when Brennus captured the city?

A

Capitoline Hill

66
Q

Who alerted Marcus Manlius that the Gauls were climbing the Capitoline Hill?

A

sacred Geese of Juno

67
Q

Who was alerted by the sacred geese that the Gauls were trying to capture the Capitoline Hill?

A

Marcus Manlius Capitolinus

68
Q

Which goddess’ sacred geese alerted the Romans that the Gauls were ascending the Capitoline?

A

Juno’s

69
Q

What did Brennus say when the Romans complained about false weights on the scale for his ransom money?

A

Vae Victis (“Woe to the Conquered”)

70
Q

Who said “Vae Victis” when the Romans complained about false weights on the scale used to weigh his ransom money?

A

Brennus

71
Q

What were the years of the First Samnite War?

A

343-341 BC

72
Q

What war did the Romans fight from 343-341 BC?

A

First Samnite War

73
Q

What were the years of the Second Samnite War?

A

327-304 BC

74
Q

What war did the Romans fight from 327-304 BC?

A

Second Samnite War

75
Q

What were the years of the Third Samnite War?

A

298-290 BC

76
Q

What war did the Romans fight from 298-290 BC?

A

Third Samnite War

77
Q

What war was a minor conflict in the vicinity of Capua from 343-341 BC?

A

First Samnite War

78
Q

What war was fought over a dispute at Neapolis from 327-303 BC?

A

Second Samnite War

79
Q

The 2nd Samnite War was fought over a dispute at what city?

A

Neapolis (Naples)

80
Q

What is the modern day name of Neapolis?

A

Naples

81
Q

What is the ancient name of Naples?

A

Neapolis

82
Q

At what battle in 321 BC did the Samnite force a Roman army to walk under the yoke?

A

Caudine Forks

83
Q

In what year did the Samnites defeat the Romans at the Caudine Forks and force them to walk under the yoke?

A

321 BC

84
Q

What sign of complete surrender did the Samnites force upon the Romans after the Caudine Forks?

A

walk under the yoke

85
Q

At what battle in 315 BC was Fabius Rullianus defeated by the Samnites?

A

Lautulae

86
Q

What Roman commander was defeated by the Samnites at Lautulae in 315 BC?

A

Fabius Rullianus

87
Q

Who built a road from Rome to Capua which helped the Romans win the 2nd Samnite War?

A

Appius Claudius Caecus

88
Q

What does the cognomen “Caecus” mean?

A

blind

89
Q

What road did Appius Claudius Caecus build from Rome to Capua during the 2nd Samnite War?

A

Via Appia

90
Q

At what battle in 295 BC did Decius Mus spur the Romans to victory by commiting a devotio?

A

Sentinum

91
Q

Who committed a devotio at Sentinum which spurred the Romans on to victory?

A

Decius Mus

92
Q

What is a devotio?

A

self-sacrifice

93
Q

Who was a famous censor in 312 BC?

A

Appius Claudius Caecus

94
Q

What is a censor?

A

an official responsible for editing the rolls of citizens and building roads & aqueducts

95
Q

Which official was responsible for editing the rolls of citizens and building roads & aqueducts?

A

censor

96
Q

How many censors served at once?

A

2

97
Q

How long did censors serve?

A

18 months

98
Q

How often were censors elected?

A

every 5 years

99
Q

What famous road and aqueduct did Appius Claudius build when he was censor?

A

Via Appia & Aqua Appia

100
Q

To what city was the Via Appia eventually extended?

A

Brundisium

101
Q

Why did Decius Mus sacrifice himself in battle?

A

had a dream that the army which lost its general would be victorious

102
Q

What Greek mercenary from Epirus was hired by Tarentum to fight Rome?

A

Pyrrhus

103
Q

What region of Greece was Pyrrhus from?

A

Epirus

104
Q

What city hired Pyrrhus to fight the Romans?

A

Tarentum

105
Q

Who reportedly said “How easily I could conquer the world, had I the Romans for soldiers, or they me for king”?

A

Pyrrhus

106
Q

Who won battles over the Romans at Heralcea and Asculum but with huge losses of his own men?

A

Pyrrhus

107
Q

At what battle in 280 BC did Pyrrhus defeat the Romans at a high cost?

A

Heraclea

108
Q

At what battle in 279 BC did Pyrrhus defeat the Romans at a high cost?

A

Asculum

109
Q

What is the term for a victory which costs more than it is worth?

A

Pyrrhic Victory

110
Q

What ambassador of Pyrrhus called the Roman senate an “assembly of kings”?

A

Cineas

111
Q

What did Cineas call the Roman senate?

A

an assembly of kings

112
Q

Who was Pyrrhus’ ambassador?

A

Cineas

113
Q

At what battle in 275 BC did the Romans defeat Pyrrhus?

A

Maleventum / Beneventum

114
Q

What Roman general defeated Pyrrhus at Beneventum in 275 BC?

A

Curius Dentatus

115
Q

Where did Curius Dentatus defeat Pyrrhus in 275 BC?

A

Maleventum / Beneventum

116
Q

What Roman, noted for his austerity and refusal to accept bribes, was the most famous to oppose Pyrrhus?

A

Fabricius

117
Q

Who was the first enemy to use elephants against the Romans?

A

Pyrrhus

118
Q

What military innovation was Pyrrhus the first to use against the Romans?

A

elephants

119
Q

How did the Romans combat Pyrrhus’ elephants?

A

used fiery missiles to scare them

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