🌇 Middle Republic Flashcards
What war did the Romans fight from 215-205 BC?
First Macedonian War
What were the years of the First Macedonian War?
215-205 BC
What king of Macedon allied with Hannibal and attacked Rome in 215 BC?
Philip V
With whom did Philip V of Macedon ally before attacking Rome in 215 BC?
Hannibal
What war did the Romans fight from 200-196 BC?
Second Macedonian War
What were the years of the Second Macedonian War?
200-196 BC
What war began when Attalus I of Pergamum appealed to Rome for help against Philip V of Macedon?
Second Macedonian War
What king of Pergamum appealed to Rome for help against Philip V in 200 BC?
Attalus I
At what battle in 197 BC did the Roman general Flamininus defeat Philip V?
Cynoscephalae
Who was the victorious Roman general at the Cynoscephalae?
Flamininus
What is the full name of Flamininus?
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
What does “Cynoscephalae” mean?
Dog’s Heads
Who proclaimed freedom and independence for all the Greek states at the Isthmian Games of 196 BC?
Flamininus
At what event in 196 BC did Flamininus declare the freedom and independence of all the Greek states?
Isthmian Games
What war did the Romans fight from 171-167 BC?
Third Macedonian War
What were the years of the Third Macedonian War?
171-167 BC
What eldest son of Philip V rose to the throne and incited the Third Macedonian War?
Perseus
At what battle in 168 BC did the Roman general Aemilius Paullus defeat Perseus of Macedon?
Pydna
Who was the victorious Roman general at the Pydna in 168 BC?
Aemilius Paullus
After which war did Rome abolish the Macedonian monarchy and establish four independent republics of Macedon?
Third Macedonian War
What war did the Romans fight from 149-148 BC?
Fourth Macedonian War
What were the years of the Fourth Macedonian War?
149-148 BC
What upstart pretended to be the son of Perseus of Macedon and led a resistance against Rome?
Andriscus
What war began when Andriscus pretended to be the son of Perseus of Macedon and unite the independent republics?
Fourth Macedonian War
What war did the Romans fight from 192-188 BC?
Syrian War / War with Antiochus
What were the years of the War with Antiochus?
192-188 BC
What Seleucid monarch invaded Greece which sparked a war with Rome in 192 BC?
Antiochus III
In what year did the Roman general Glabrio defeat Antiochus III at Thermopylae?
191 BC
At what battle in 191 BC did the Roman general Glabrio defeat Antiochus III?
Thermopylae
What does “Thermopylae” mean?
hot gate
What Roman general was victorious at Thermopylae against Antiochus III?
Glabrio
What refugee did Antiochus III use as an advisor and admiral, albeit ineffective?
Hannibal
What battle in 190 BC was the last notable Roman naval victory over a foreign enemy?
Myonessus
Where did Rome earn its last notable naval victory over a foreign enemy in 190 BC?
Myonessus
At what battle in 190 BC did the Romans defeat Antiochus III and earn its last notable naval victory over a foreign fleet?
Myonessus
At what battle in 190 BC did Publius and Lucius Scipio defeat Antiochus III?
Magnesia
What two brothers defeated Antiochus III at Magnesia in 190 BC?
Publius & Lucius Scipio
What treaty of 188 BC ended the war against Antiochus III?
Treaty of Apamea
What was the full name of Cato the Elder?
Marcus Porcius Cato
What Roman censor ended every speech with the line “Carthago delenda est”?
Cato the Elder
What does “Carthago delenda est” mean?
Carthage must be destroyed
What “war” did the Romans fight from 149-146 BC?
Third Punic War
What were the years of the Third Punic “War”?
149-146 BC
In what year was Carthage completely destroyed?
146 BC
What Roman statesman was known for his stern manner, high moral standards, and love of cabbage?
Cato the Elder
What novus homo ended all of his speeches with the line “Carthago delenda est”?
Cato the Elder
What is a novus homo?
first person in family to earn consulship
What war began when Massinissa began making raids against Carthage causing it to retaliate and violate its treaty with the Romans?
Third Punic War
Who caused Third Punic War by making raids into Carthaginian territory which forced them to retaliate and violate their treaty with the Romans?
Massinissa
What adopted grandson of Scipio Africanus destroyed Carthage in 146 BC?
Scipio Aemilianus
What did Scipio Aemilianus do to ensure Carthage would never be able to grow crops again?
salted the fields
Who reportedly wept after salting the Carthaginian land because he recognized a similar fate for Rome one day?
Scipio Aemilianus
Why did Scipio Aemilianus weep after destroying Carthage and salting the earth?
recognized a similar fate for Rome one day
What Roman general captured Corinth in 146 BC?
Mummius
What Greek city did Mummius and the Romans capture in 146 BC?
Corinth
Who captured the Spanish town of Numantia in 133 BC?
Scipio Aemilianus
What Spanish town did Scipio Aemilianus capture in 133 BC?
Numantia
What last stronghold of Spanish resistance did the Romans capture in 133 BC?
Numantia
Who were the famous cousins of Scipio Aemilianus?
Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
What is the modern day name of Lusitania?
Portugal
What was the ancient name of Portugal?
Lusitania
What Lusitanian shepherd led a five year resistance against the Romans?
Viriathus
Who captured an army of 50,000 Romans in Lusitania in 141 BC?
Viriathus
After he freed a trapped army of 50,000 Romans in return for peace, what Lusitanian shepherd was killed by three traitors?
Viriathus
From 146-141 BC who led an army of Lusitanians in resistance to the Romans?
Viriathus
How did Viriathus die?
Romans bribed traitors to kill him in his sleep
What Spanish stronghold did the Romans starve into submission in 133 BC?
Numantia
Who negotiated with Numantia for the release of 20,000 Roman soldiers in 137 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
With what city did Tiberius Gracchus negotiate for the release of 20,000 Roman soldiers in 137 BC?
Numantia
Who bequeathed his kingdom of Pergamum to the Romans in 133 BC?
Attalus III
What kingdom did Attalus III bequeathe to the Romans in his will in 133 BC?
Pergamum
Name both Gracchi brothers?
Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
Who were the famous sons of Cornelia whom she called her “jewels”?
Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
What did Cornelia call her sons Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus?
her jewels
Who was the famous father of Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi?
Scipio Africanus
What is a tribune?
an official elected to represent the rights of the plebeians
How many tribunes were elected each year?
10
What unique power did tribunes have?
power to veto legislation
Which political office had the power to veto legislation?
tribune
What tribune was killed in 132 BC for seeking re-election?
Tiberius Gracchus
What tribune of 133 BC was killed for proposing radical legislation which favored the plebeians?
Tiberius Gracchus
What tribune of 123 BC was re-elected before he was killed for proposing radical legislation?
Gaius Gracchus
What type radical legislation did both Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus try to introduce?
redistribution of large estates of land
What tribune proposed the creation of the colony Iunonia by redeveloping the area of Carthage?
Gaius Gracchus
What colony did Gaius Gracchus propose establishing on the site of Carthage?
Iunonia
Who led the mob which killed Tiberius Gracchus?
Scipio Nasica
Whose death was brought about by Scipio Nasica and an angry mob?
Tiberius Gracchus
What consul was responsible for killing Gaius Gracchus?
Lucius Opimius
Whose death was brought about by Lucius Opimius and the SCU?
Gaius Gracchus
What is a Senatus Consultum Ultimum?
supreme decree of the Senate
Who was given the Senatus Consultum Ultimum to kill Gaius Gracchus?
Lucius Opimius
