👑 Monarchy Flashcards
What were the beginning and ending years of the Monarchy?
753-509 BC
What is the traditional foundation date of Rome?
April 21, 753 BC
What is said to have happed on April 21, 753 BC?
The foundation of Rome
Who held power during the Monarchy?
a king
What bundle of rods with an axe symbolized the imperium (power) of the king?
Fasces
What are fasces?
bundle of rods with an axe to symbolize the power of the king
How many kings did Rome have altogether
7
Name all 7 kings in order
Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus
Who was the first king of Rome?
Romulus
Which king expanded Rome’s population by offering asylum on the Capitoline for outlaws and taking the wives of the neighboring Sabine tribe?
Romulus
In what two ways did Romulus expand Rome’s population?
(1) offering asylum to outlaws on the Capitoline & (2) rape of the Sabine women
Who led the Sabines to Rome to recover their wives?
Titus Tatius
What did Titus Tatius lead a group of Sabines to Rome?
to recover their lives
Who captured the Capitoline Hill through the treachery of a Vestal Virgin named Tarpeia?
Titus Tatius
What Vestal Virgin treacherously allowed Titus Tatius to capture the Capitoline Hill?
Tarpeia
Who opened the gates of the Capitoline to the Sabines after being promised to receive what they bore on their arms?
Tarpeia
What did Tarpeia hope she would receive when she asked the Sabine soldiers for the gold they bore on their arms?
gold bracelets
What happened to Tarpeia when she asked the Sabines for the gold on their arms?
she was crushed by their shields
What happened to Tarpeia’s body after she was killed by the Sabines?
she was thrown from the Tarpeian rock
Whose body was thrown from the rock which bears her name after she was crushed to death by Sabine soldiers?
Tarpeia
What did the Romans do to people senteced to execution?
threw them from the Tarpeian rock
Where was the Tarpeian rock located?
Capitoline hill
With whom did Romulus co-rule in order to appease the Sabines?
Titus Tatius
Which king of Rome establised the Senate?
Romulus
Which king was deified as the god Quirinus after his death?
Romulus
What deified name was given to Romulus after his death?
Quirinus
What symbolic name of the Romans was derived from the name Quirinus?
Quirites
Name the wife of Romulus.
Hersilia
What was Hersilia’s deified name?
Hora
Who was the second king of Rome?
Numa Pompilius
Which king of Rome made religious reforms including the Flamines and the establishment of the Cult of Vesta in Rome?
Numa Pompilius
What two priesthoods did Numa establish in Rome?
Flamines and Vestal Virgins
Which king established a 12 month lunar calendar in place of a 10 month one?
Numa Pompilius
Which king was reported to have a water nymph named Egeria as his consort?
Numa Pompilius
What water nymph was reported to have been the consort of Numa Pompilius?
Egeria
Who was the third king of Rome?
Tullus Hostilius
What warrior king destroyed Alba Longa?
Tullus Hostilius
What city was destroyed by the warrior king Tullus Hostilius?
Alba Longa
What three Roman brothers were chosen to fight the Curiatii to decide the outcome of the war with Alba Longa?
Horatii
What three Alban brothers were chosen to fight the Horatii to decide the outcome of the war with Rome?
Curiatii
How did the last survivor of the Horatii defeat the three Curiatii?
pretended to run away then turned around and killed them one by one
Who was killed by her brother for mourning the Curiatii?
Horatia
Which king of Rome build the Senate house in Rome?
Tullus Hostilius
What was the full name of the Senate house in Rome?
Curia Hostilia
What senate house did Tullus Hostilius build in Rome?
Curia Hostilia
Who was the fourth king of Rome?
Ancus Marcius
Which king built the Pons Sublicius, the first bridge across the Tiber?
Ancus Marcius
What bridge did Ancus Marcius build across the Tiber?
Pons Sublicius
What distant 8th hill across the Tiber did Ancus Marcius add to the city?
Janiculum
What bridge across the Tiber connected the Janiculum hill to Rome?
Pons Sublicius
Which king started a settlement at Ostia where the Tiber meets the Mediterranean?
Ancus Marcius
What settlement did Ancus Marcius establish where the Tiber meets the Mediterranean?
Ostia
What was the chief port city of Rome?
Ostia
Who was the fifth king of Rome?
Tarquinius Priscus
Of what origin was Tarquinius Priscus?
Etruscan
Who was the father of Tarquinius Priscus?
Demaratus
Which king was the son of Demaratus?
Tarquinius Priscus
Which king was believed to have originally been named Lucomo?
Tarquinius Priscus
What was believed to be the original name of Tarquinius Priscus?
Lucomo
Who was the wife of Tarquinius Priscus?
Tanaquil
Which king’s wife was named Tanaquil?
Tarquinius Priscus
Who was the sixth king of Rome?
Servius Tullius
What was the original Etruscan name of Servius Tullius?
Mastarna
Which king’s original Etruscan name was Mastarna?
Servius Tullius
Which king was the son of Ocrisia who had been a prisoner of war in the court of Tarquinius Priscus?
Servius Tullius
Name the mother of Servius Tullius who had been a prisoner of war in the court of Tarquinius Priscus?
Ocrisia
Which king established the cult of Diana on the Aventine hill?
Servius Tullius
Which diety’s cult did Servius Tullius establish on the Aventine hill?
Diana
On which hill did Servius Tullius establish the cult of Diana?
Aventine Hill
What daughter of Servius Tullius married Tarquinius Superbus?
Tullia
Who helped Tarquinius Superbus kill her father?
Tullia
On what road did Tullia ride over her father’s body with a chariot?
Via Scelerata
What happened on the Via Scelerata?
Tullia ran over Servius Tullius’ body with a chariot
Who was the seventh king of Rome?
Tarquinius Superbus
What does “Superbus” mean?
Proud
Which king completed the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline?
Tarquinius Superbus
What is the alternate name of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus?
Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus
Which temple did Tarquinius Superbus complete on the Capitoline?
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus / Capitolinus
Which king completed the Cloaca Maxima, Rome’s great sewer?
Tarquinius Superbus
What great sewer did Tarquinius Superbus complete?
Cloaca Maxima
What is the Cloaca Maxima?
Rome’s great sewer system
In what temple were the three Sibylline Books kept?
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus / Capitolinus
What is the term for the 3 books of sacred prophecy in Rome?
Sibylline Books
How many Sibylline books were there originally?
9
Why did the Sibyl burn 6 of the original Sibylline Books of prophecy?
Tarquinius Superbus refused to pay the price (twice)
What did the Sibyl do each time Tarquinius Superbus refused to pay the price for the Sibylline books?
burned 3 of them
What did the Romans consult in times of great crisis?
Sibylline Books
What son of Tarquinius Superbus abused royal power by taking advantage of Lucretia, the wife of Collatinus?
Sextus Tarquinius
What woman did Sextus Tarquinius take advantage of?
Lucretia
Who was the husband of Lucretia?
Collatinus
Which two men over threw the Tarquins and became the first consuls of the Republic?
Collatinus & Lucius Junius Brutus
How did Collatinus and Brutus become the first Roman consuls?
overthrew the Tarquins
