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Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four hallmark signs you might see in a Typical pneumonia patient

A

Chills, cough, fever, and SOB

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2
Q

Who is most at risk for a community acquired pneumonia

A

Elderly, black, men,

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3
Q

Factors within the host that predispose them to CAP

A

alcohol/smoking, COPD, Hypoxeia, acidosis, malnutrition, bronchial obstruction
Drugs-H2 blockers, ACE blockers, glucocorticoids

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4
Q

name 3 examples of pathogens causing typical CAP

A

Strep. pneumonia, staph aureas, Hemophilis influenza

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5
Q

name 3 examples of pathogens causing atypical CAP

A

mycoplasma pneumononia
chlamydia pneumonia
Legionella

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6
Q

Which patient population would you typically see Hemophilus influenza

A

common in older patients with COPD or Cystic Fibrosis

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7
Q

describe the bacterial charecteristics of hemophilus influenza

A

small, pleomorphic, gram - rods
facultatively anaerobic
nonmotile & oxidase +

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8
Q

how would you treat Hemophilis influenza

A

beta-lactam agents (amoxicillin) preferred otherwise azithromycin, fluroquinolones

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9
Q

mycoplasma pneumonia; which pt population is most susceptible

A

younger than 40, in close contact with others-PTP schools, military

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10
Q

What are the charecteristics of mycoplasma pneumonia

A

neither gram + or - *no cell wall, smallest organism that can survive alone… aerobic & anaerobic, adhere to host and glide

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11
Q

what atypical features would you see with mycoplasma pneumonia

A

gradual onset, headache, malaise, low-grade fever,

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12
Q

how would you treat mycoplasma pneumonia

A

macrolides (azithromycin) or fluroquinolone

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13
Q

Which pt population would you expect to find Legionella spp

A

adults who have traveled within the last two weeks, been surrounded by misty environments

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14
Q

what are the charecteristics of Legionella

A

gram - bacilli, aerobic (grow on special media)

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15
Q

what are the atypical features associated with Legionella

A

high fever, GI problems and the usual 4 symptoms

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16
Q

how would you treat Legionella

A

macrolides (azithromycin) or fluoroquinolones

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17
Q

chlamydia pneumonia ; describe pt population

A

mildly ill, not necessarily winter time, close to virulent factors (care facilities/military)

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18
Q

describe charecteristics of the chlamydia pneumonia

A

obligate, intracellular bacteria. 2nd smallest.

no peptidoglycan cell wall

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19
Q

what are the atypical features of chlamydia pneumonia

A

usual plus gradual onset, pharyngitis, hoarseness (wheezing)

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20
Q

how would you tx chlamydia pneumonia

A

since its rarely dx, start with azithromycin… if documented however consider doxycycline

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21
Q

describe pt population of strep pneumonia

A

not severly sick, but becoming sick in winter or early spring

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22
Q

describe charecteristics of strep pneumonia

A

Strep. pneumonia- gram + aerobic, catalase -, alpha hemolytic. MOST COMMON CAUSE CAP! *adheres to epithelial cells of nasopharynx and forms bridges btw body sites

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23
Q

Whats the most common cause of CAP worldwide

A

strep pneumonia

24
Q

how do you treat strep pneumonia

A

macrolides (azithromycin) or fluoroqunolone; or combine macrolide with beta-lactum (amoxicillin)

25
describe Klebsiella pneumonia
*nosocomial altho can be CAP in alcoholics, diabetics, or COPD
26
what is the pt population of Klebsiella
typically severe and within ICU
27
describe charecteristics of Klebsiella pneumonia
gram - bacilli , clear capsule
28
what are 3 examples of infrequent pneumonia
e-coli, enterobacter spp. pseudomonas aeroginosa
29
what are the signs of Klebsiella pneumonia
fever, cough, bloody sputum "currant jelly", leukocytes, and crackles
30
list 3 viral pathogens that cause CAP pneumonia
influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus | SARS (Asia), MERS-CoV
31
what is a unique characteristic of ____that differentiates it from a bacterial pneumonia
typically start with UR symptoms....
32
What studies would u obtain and expected findings?
PA & lateral chest xray-infiltrate. | CBC-WBC 15-30,000
33
what differentiates bronchitis from pneumonia
-wheezing/rales, possible mucus, won't see infiltrate on xray or as much raised WBC
34
describe bronchiolitis
usually in kids < 2 yrs. characterized by UR symptoms followed by LR infection resulting in wheezing/crackles
35
Pertussis
whooping cough
36
TB
serious
37
histoplasmosis
fungal infection from bat droppings
38
Pt has dullness to percussion, decreased breath sounds, rales, and pleural rub incidacting
bronchitis
39
Macrolides ONLY act as bacteriocidal agents to strep pneumo otherwise they are
bacteriostatic
40
chlamydia pneumonia causes both:
pneumonia and bronchitis
41
Describe the unique atypical characteristic of chlamydia pneumonia
obligate intracellular parasite.
42
how would u rx acute bronchitis in COPD pts which is not successful in chronic bronchitis
Bronchodilaters, corticosterioids and Abx if bacteria.... altho usually viral.
43
how to treat bronchitis in healthy pt
treat cough (anti-tussives), airflow humidifier, and steroids to reduce inflammation
44
describe the history of SARS
originated in asia, coronavirus jumped from cat to man
45
Describe MERS-CoV
Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome, coronavirus.
46
Histoplasmosis
fungal RI from bat droppings.
47
Most common cause of bronchiolitis
Respiratory Synctial Virus and adenovirus
48
This disease is associated with nasal flaring, tachypnea, accessory muscle use and grunting to breath
bronchiolitis
49
Which stage does the actual whooping in pertussis occur?
the 2nd of three known as paroxysmal stage
50
describe the catarrhal stage of pertussis
lots of coughing at night becomes diurnal
51
convalescent stage of pertussis would be described as:
decrease in cough, but still sick.
52
list the 3 stages in pertussis
Cattarrhal stage, Paroxysmal and convalescent
53
The DTap vaccine is used prophylactically against
pertussis
54
What area of lungs most affected by TB
top, apices of lungs in a military pattern
55
histoplasmosis is treated with this drug that has terrible side effects
amphotericin
56
Pneumocystosis (P jiroveci) is a major cause of death for this pt population when not on prophylaxic tx
AID's up to 80% | Fatal
57
Fungal respiratory infections
pneumocystosis, coiccidomycosis, histoplasmosis

Infection & Immunology (15 decks)

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