Neuro Flashcards
meningitis and encephalitis are typically caused by which pathogen?
Viral (enteroviruses)
what are hallmark signs of viral meningitis
acute, self-limiting, fever, chills, stiff neck, frontal HA, photophobia
whats the most common cause of encephalitis
HSV 1&2
Whats the hallmark of clostridium tetani
painful muscle spasms (masseter muscles “lock jaw”, back, and respiratory failure)
what are some hallmarks of clostridium botulinum
paralysis, nausea, dry mouth, weakness, blurred vision, diplopia, nystagmus
describe normal flora of nervous sytem
Sterile
which bacteria most often cause meningitis with neonates
strep. agalactiae
which bacteria most often cause meningitis in children and adults
strep. pneumonia & Neisseria meningitides
what bacteria causes meningitis in elderly
strep pneumonia
what test would u run on viral meningitis
LP w/ CSF analysis
how would u tx viral meningitis
empric IV antibiotics
pt presents with fever, chills, headache, vomiting, photophobia, stiff neck AND a petechial rash…. what is the most common pathogen and disease
bacterial meningitis b/c the rash Neisseria meningitis
how would u test for bacterial meningitis
CSF most important & blood cultures…
what are two pathogens causing encephalitis
HSV 1 & 2
Mycoplasma pneumonia
this disease presents with inflammation of the brain caused by a virus
encephalitis
whats most common cause for brain abscess
streptococci
pt presents with HA, fever and vomiting. upon PE-focal neuro deficit, toxic, altered mental status. whats most likely cause
brain abscess
how would u test for brain abscess
CT or MRI, blood culture, CBC
HOw would u tx brain abscess
antibiotics or antifungals
anticonvulsants (due to risk of seizure)
describe the charecteristics of clostridium botulinum
anaerobic, gram +, spore forming bacillus found in soil/packed food
what immunization would a pt get for clostridium tetani
TdaP
