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Infection & Immunology > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

List the 3 main bacteria that stain Gram + cocci

A

Staph, Strep, and Enterococcus

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2
Q

List the 3 main bacteria that stain Gram + and appear rod in shape (baccili)

A

Clostridium, Corynebacterium, and Lactobacillus

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3
Q

Patient appears with Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever, what would his infectious organism be? Stain? Shape?

A

Rickettsia, a gram - cocci

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4
Q

What would a Neisseria stain and shape look like?

A

Gram - cocci bacteria

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5
Q

Explain Moraxella (organism/stain/shape)

A

Gram - cocci bacteria

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6
Q

How does penicillin act against a bacteria

A

inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan (hence main cell wall component)

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7
Q

What does the peptidoglycan do for bacteria?

A

a key component in the cell wall preventing lysis from osmotic pressure

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8
Q

Which enzyme does penicillin bind to and inhibit? (Hence its other name penicillin binding protein)

A

transpeptidase

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9
Q

what does transpeptidase enzyme do

A

catalyzes the formation of the cross linkage between peptidoglycan which attributes to the firm cell wall

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10
Q

List the steps of a gram stain

A

Crystal Violet Stain
Iodine
Alcohol (decolorize)
Safarin

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11
Q

What does the fact that staph. aureas being coagulase + mean in terms of the body

A

activates prothrombin, allowing for blood to clot

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12
Q

what does catalase do

A

breaks down hydrogen peroxide

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13
Q

list the facultative intracellular organisms

A

listeria monocytogenes,

Salmonella typhi, Yersinia, Fracisells tularensis, Brucells, Legionella, and Mycobacterium

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14
Q

All gram + bacteria create an exotoxin EXCEPT:

A

Listeria monocytogenes (produces an endotoxin)

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15
Q

Name the two Gram - bacteria that secrete exotoxins.

A

vibrio cholera and E coli

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16
Q

List these 4 examples sof enterotoxins that cause diarrhea and food poisoning

A

vibrio cholera, E coli, campylobacter jejuni, shigella dysenteriae

17
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

gram + aerobic spore forming rod

18
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

food poisoning, gastroenteritis… antibiotic won’t tx symtoms of enterotoxin

19
Q

Name 2 genus of bacteria that are gram + spore forming bacilli (rods)

A

Clostridium (difficile, botulinism aka botox, and tetanus, and Bacillus anthracis and cereus

20
Q

corynebacterium diphtheriae (DPT)

A

gram + gray pseudomembrane in pharynx

NON spore forming. Powerful exotoxin

21
Q

What are two bacteria that are nonspore forming

A

Coynebacterium diphtheria and Listeria monocytogenes

22
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

gram + rod nonsporing, endotoxin
Affects neonates, pregnant and immunocompromised
FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

23
Q

The Enterics describe

A

normal intestinal flora that may cause disease

24
Q

List 4 major Enterics

A

enterobacteriacea, bibrionaceae, pseudomonadaceae, and bacteroidaceae

25
Q

this bacterial infection often presents with rice watery stools, severe dehydration and electrolyte depleting signs usually after travel

A

vibrio cholera

26
Q

This bacterial infection presents with signs of greenish fluorescent pigments at wound infections. (it is an obligate aerobe, gram - rod)

A

pneumonia aeruginosa

27
Q

Bacteroides fragilis is unique gram - in that it

A

has no endotoxin (lipid A) but it does have capsule

28
Q

How would you know that Shigella or salmonella are underlying cause in diarrhea?

A

WBC in the stool; due to its ability to destroy the intestinal epithelial cells

29
Q

How would you know campylobacter is a cause for the diarrhea

A

blood/pus in stool due to its ability to invade lymph nodes and bloodstream

30
Q

What is cholera’s mechanism of action when causing diarrhea

A

binds to intestinal epithelial cells and kills with exotoxin (enterotoxin) vs. invading the cells or entering the bloodstream/lymph nodes

31
Q

this pathogen causes gastritis ulcers

A

Helicobacter pylori

32
Q

this curved/single flagellum pathogen is acquired fecal-oral from water/poultry and presents with HA, fever, bloody, loose diarrhea

A

campylobacter

33
Q

this pathogen is said to be “blood loving” and can cause acute epiglottis, meningitis, sepsis

A

hamophilus

34
Q

this bug causes the pertussis toxin

A

bordetella

Infection & Immunology (15 decks)

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