Pulmonary Circulation

Question 1

2 Circulations

Answer 1

Pulmonary circulation: xchange of gases in blood

Bronchial Circulation: oxygen to bronchial tree/pleura

Question 2

Bronchopulmonary Segment

Answer 2

Smallest functionally independent area of blood - tertiary bronchus supplied by one branch of pulmonary a. and can be removed w/out compromising blood/air to other parts of lung

Question 3

Pulmonary Arteries

Answer 3

Arise from pulmonary trunk and travel w/ bronchi/bronchioles and generally same size as them and terminate as capillaries in alveolar walls

Question 4

Notable Features About Pulmonary Arteries/Arterioles (3)

Answer 4

Have less muscle, elastin, and ability to contract

Question 5

Type I and II Alveolar Cells

Answer 5

I: Squamos alveolar
II: Surfactant-producing

Question 6

Type of Capillary in Alveoli

Answer 6

Type I, continuous

Question 7

Notable Feature of Pulmonary Veins

Answer 7

Lack valves

Question 8

Bronchial Vein Drainage

Answer 8

Azygos and hemiazygos, but some drain into pulmonary veins causing RIGHT-LEFT SHUNT: mixing of oxygenated and deoxy blood

Question 9

Blood Pressures b/w the 2 Artery Systems

Answer 9

Bronchial is normal, like 120/80

Pulmonary is way lower, like 25/10

Question 10

Difference b/w SVR and PVR

Answer 10

Like 20 and 2, so 10x difference

Question 11

Starling’s Law of Inhalation

Answer 11

RONAK SUCKS FAT DICKS

Question 12

Transmural Pressure

Answer 12

Pressure across vascular wall

Question 13

3 Zones by Upright Pressure Relationships (and what mainly guides/determines these)

Answer 13

Gravity determines blood flow a lot
Zone 1: Palv > Pa > Pv, so closed and blood doesn’t flow up here
Zone 2: Pa > Palv > Pv, so vessel collapses higher in Z2 but blood flow increases as you go further down
Zone 3: Pa > Pv > Palv so works perfectly

Question 14

3 Influencers of Resistance

Answer 14

Lung Volumes
Hypoxia
Exercise

Question 15

Lung Volume Influence of Resistance

Answer 15

Breath at level of least resistance - too little lung V get crowding of alveolar vessels, too large and you get too much tension

Question 16

Hypoxia Influence of Resistance

Answer 16

Vessels constrict to direct blood flow to area with more O2 (even though that might not exist), so increase resistance, so you have to increase pressure to get the same flow

Question 17

Exercise Effect on Resistance (2 mechs)

Answer 17

Reduces R by recruiting unused capillaries and increasing distension

Question 18

Hemoptysis

Answer 18

Spitting blood, usually caused or associated w/ cystic fibrosis resulting in bronchiectasis (dilated bronchus)