Overview of CV System

Question 1

CO = (eq and a unit time)

Answer 1

HR x SV (about 5L/min, but really like 10 bc pumps it through twice)

Question 2

2 Reservoirs

Answer 2

Pressure Reservoir - Major arteries storing energy/pressure elastically
Blood Reservoir - Venous compartment bc hold 2/3 of blood bc distensible

Question 3

Diff b/w Systemic/Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 3

High arterial pressure/resistance in vessels vs. low arterial pressure w/ compliant vessels

Question 4

2 Conditions Essential for Reg’ing Composition of Interstitial Fluid

Answer 4

Incoming blood must have chemical comp to maintain instertitial fluid comp at optimal levels
Must be adequate blood flow through tissue capillaries

Question 5

Parallel vs. Series Organs

Answer 5

Everything gets blood from heart in parallel functionally (same composition and shit) except for lungs, which gets in series from other organs

Question 6

Basic Flow Equation

Answer 6

Q = DeltaP/R

Question 7

Poisuille Equation for resistance of flow in tube

Answer 7

R = 8Ln/pir^4 (n = fluid viscosity)

Question 8

Long Flow Equation

Answer 8

Q = DeltaPpir^4/8Ln

Question 9

4 Determining Factors of SV

Answer 9

1. Volume of venous blood returned to heart (direct)
2. Ventricular distensibility during diastole (direct)
3. Ventricular contractility during systole (direct)
4. Aortic/pulmonary artery pressure (inverse)

Question 10

General Bloodflow Through Heart

Answer 10

RA -> tricuspid -> RV -> lungs -> LA -> mitral -> LV

Question 11

5 Factors for Proper Vent Pumping

Answer 11

1. Contractions of individual cells must occur regularly and synchronized (not arrhythmic)
2. Valves must open fully (not stenotic)
3. Valves must not leak (not insufficient or regurgitant, leaks)
4. Muscle contractions must be forceful (not failing)
5. Vent must adequately fill during diastole

Question 12

Diff b/w Symp and Parasymp Innervation of Heart

Answer 12

Symp innervates everything in heart, parasymp only nodes/atrium. So symp modifies like everything and para only decreases HR/AP conduction velocity

Question 13

Starling’s Law of the Heart

Answer 13

Stroke volume increases as ventricular end-diastolic volume does

Question 14

Main Resistance Site

Answer 14

Arterioles

Question 15

Control of Arteriolar and Venule Smooth Muscle

Answer 15

A: Symp NE acts via alphas to increase resistance. Very responsive to local chemical change
V: Symp nerves cause decrease in venous volume to increase cardiac filling